3 8o 



Garden and Forest. 



tAUGUST 6, 1890. 



many who find their cultivation difficult. A large proportion 

 of the species are unsatisfactory as a rule, the few cases of their 

 good behavior in the garden being quite exceptional. It may 

 be said with regard to not a few of the species, that we are as 

 yet ignorant of the conditions essential to their permanent 

 welfare in the garden. This is proved in many ways. For 

 instance, we find those who are lucky enough to succeed with 

 the majority of Liliums, declaring that certain given soils and 

 conditions are bound to prove suitable for those plants which 

 others fail to grow. But when these named soils and condi- 

 tions are carefully provided, even then it often happens that 

 success does not result. Many good gardeners fail with such 

 species as L. auratum, L. Brownii (JJaponicum), and even L. 

 speciosum. At Kew, where many rare species are a success, 

 L. candiditm, the glory of thousands of cottagers' gardens in 

 England, is a failure ; L. longiflorum, too, is far from satisfac- 

 tory in the open air. On the other hand, L. auratum is a giant 

 both in stems and flowers, giving no trouble whatever. Such 

 rare and usually " miffy " species as L. tenuifolium, L. Parryi, 

 L. Krameri and L. Leichtlini are equally satisfactory. The 

 commoner species are abundantly represented, and, as a rule, 

 thrive most satisfactorily. This success has not been attained 

 at once, but only after repeated experiments in different parts 

 of the garden and in different soils. The best results are the 

 outcome of planting the bulbs amongst the loose-growing 

 shrubs in deep beds of good soil. Fungoid diseases have given 

 some trouble lately, and it has been suggested that leaf-soil is 

 often the cause. One great bulb-grower in England has con- 

 vinced himself that leaf-mould, as prepared and used in En- 

 gland, is the curse of the bulb-garden, and has given up its use 

 entirely. 



Mr. Elwes, in his monograph published in 1880, recognized 

 fifty-two species of Lilium, almost every one of which has 

 been in cultivation at one time or another. In his address last 

 week he dwelt specially upon the fact that notwithstanding 

 their long cultivation in gardens, and their readiness to pro- 

 duce seeds, yet the number of hybrid Liliums raised is very 

 small. Many have tried to procure hybrids, and some have 

 publicly declared their success, but the only well marked 

 hybrids hitherto raised are L. Parkmanni, the result of 

 crossing L. auratum and L. speciosum, and which was ob- 

 tained in Massachusetts some twenty years ago. A second 

 hybrid is the offspring of L. Dalmaticum and L. Hansoni, 

 raised here by Mr. Powell. To these must now be added 

 one called Francis Fell, and exhibited last week by Mr. 

 Ware, of Tottenham. It is the result of crossing L. Parryi 

 with L. pardali7ium. Unless for the purpose of giving vigor 

 and a stronger constitution to .some of the weaker kinds, 

 there does not appear much need for hybrid Liliums, the 

 genus presenting an exceptionally wide range of variation in 

 size, form and coloration of flower as well as in habit and sea- 

 son of flowering. 



Collections of the flowers of Liliums were exhibited by some 

 of the most noted growers. In addition to the new hybrid 

 already mentioned, Mr. Ware sent flowers of L. Bolanderi, a 

 new kind allied to L. maritimum, with glaucous leaves in 

 whorls, and small flowers, the segments narrow, reflexed and 

 colored purplish crimson, with blotches of a darker shade. It 

 is a distinct and pretty little plant. 



Zinziber D'Arceyi was exhibited as a new plant from the 

 South Sea Islands by the Messrs. Veitch. It has leaves varie- 

 gated with white and creamy yellow, and promises to be a 

 useful little foliage plant for the stove. 



Masdevallia Schrcederiana is an attractive little species with 

 fleshy erect leaves and an erect flower-scape. The flowers 

 are an inch across, with three long tails; the upper portion of 

 the segments is purplish in color, the lower part white, 

 edged with purple, the tails being dull yellow. Baron Schrce- 

 der obtained a first-class certificate for it. 



Cypripedium Yoicngianum is the produce of C. superbiens 

 and C. Rabeleni and is a superior hybrid. Its petals are 

 five inches long and narrow, white with greenish lines and 

 thickly spotted with purple-crimson, the margins fringed; the 

 sepals are of the same color, but flushed with crimson instead 

 of being spotted; the lip is hairy and colored pale brown. It 

 was exhibited by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., and was deservedly 

 awarded a certificate. 



Zygopetalum crinito-maxillare is a remarkable hybrid, its 

 parentage denoted by the specific name, and possessed of 

 characters which combine those of its parents. The flowers 

 are about the same size as those of T. maxillare, the sepals 

 and petals deep green spotted with brown, the lip deep violet- 

 blue. It was sent from the gardens of Lord Rothschild and 

 obtained a certificate. 



Aerides J' Ansoni is the name given by Mr. Rolfe to a plant 



lately introduced from Burmah and flowered by Messrs. Hugh 

 Low & Co., of Clapton. It belongs to the group represented 

 by A. odoratum, and is in fact merely a variety of that species, 

 viewed in a broad sense. For garden purposes it is, however, 

 sufficiently distinct to merit a name. Mr. Rolfe thinks it may 

 be a natural hybrid between A. odoratum and A. expansum. 

 It is looser in habit and narrower in leaf than an ordinary A. 

 odoratum. The flower segments are tipped and spotted with 

 bright rosy purple, and the spreading lateral lobes of the lip 

 are transversely barred with the same color. The plant flow- 

 ers freely in a small state and the flowers are decidedly pretty 

 in form and color. 



New Late-flowering Hardy Azaleas.— Mr. A. Waterer, of 

 the Knap Hill Nurseries, has succeeded in raisinga new race of 

 hardy Azaleas, which promises to be particularly valuable on 

 account of the lateness of its flowering season. In England the 

 flowers of hardy Azaleas generally are over early in June, the 

 latest to flo wer being A. occidentalis, which is sometimes gay with 

 bloom well on into July. By using this as a breeder and cross- 

 ing it with some of the larger flowered, brighter colored kinds, 

 Mr. Waterer has obtained a number of very handsome seed- 

 lings which bloom in July. I have lately mentioned the glori- 

 ous effect produced in a few gardens here by the flowers of 

 the hardy Azaleas in June. Mr. Waterer has given these 

 plants an additional value by raising a number of late-flowering 

 varieties which will continue the flowering season some weeks 

 beyond the time the older kinds have hitherto lasted. 



London. W. Watson. 



T 1 



New or Little Known Plants. 

 Clematis Fremontii. 

 'HIS handsome herbaceous Clematis is the western 



;i representative of the rare Clematis ochroleuca of the 

 eastern states. It has simple or occasionally branching, 

 pubescent stems a foot or a foot and a half high, with large, 

 crowded, leathery leaves, which are sessile, broadly ovate, 

 entire or few toothed, sparingly villose on the lower sur- 

 face, with very conspicuously reticulated veinlets. The 

 flower is terminal and nodding, with thick purple, narrowly 

 lanceolate sepals an inch long, with tomentose margins and 

 recurved tips. The pedicel becomes erect in fruit which 

 is composed of silky akenes with short tails naked above 

 and silky at the base. The fruit is handsome, although 

 less showy than that of its eastern congener. 



Clematis Fremontii* was discovered by Fremont on his 

 second expedition, his specimens having, however, no note 

 of locality. The plant was not seen again until 1874, when 

 it was re-discovered by Dr. Louis Watson, near the town 

 of Ellis, in western Kansas. It is now known to grow 

 from Missouri and Kansas to the mountains of Colorado. 

 Clematis Fremontii is very hardy ; it is easily raised from 

 seed and may be increased by division. It thrives in 

 ordinary garden soil and flowers during the first days of 

 June. 



Our illustration is made from a plant grown in the 

 Arnold Arboretum, where it w r as sent several years ago 

 from Colorado by Mr. T. S. Brandegee. 



New Orchids. 



Dendrobium atroviolaceum, Rolfe, is a distinct and beau- 

 tiful species allied to D. macrophyllum, better known in gar- 

 dens as D. Veitchianum, though far superior as a garden plant. 

 The sepals and petals are cream yellow, Avith numerous pur- 

 ple spots, and the labellum heavily marked with dark violet. It 

 was imported from New Guinea by Messrs. James Veitch & 

 Sons, and was awarded a botanical certificate on April 8th. — 

 Gardeners' Chronicle, April 12th, p. 463; and April 26th, p. 512. 



Cypripedium x Apollo, Measures. A hybrid raised in the 

 collection of Mr. R. I. Measures, of Camberwell, from C. Stonei 

 and C. X vexillarium, the latter being the pollen parent. It was 

 exhibited on April 22c! at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural 

 Society. — Gardeners' Chronicle, April 26th, p. 526. 



Calanthe rubens, Ridley, is described as a charming nov- 

 elty, allied to C. vestita, but with rose colored flowers. It was 

 discovered by Mr. Curtis in the Langkawi Islands on the west 

 coast of the Malayan Peninsula. Plants are said to have been 

 sent to England. — Gardeners' Chronicle, May 10th, p. 576. 



Dendrobium x Venus, Rolfe, is a very beautiful hybrid 



*Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, x, 339. — Watson & Coulter, " Gray's Man. Bot. N. S.," 

 ed. 6, 36. 



