August 13, 1890.] 



Garden and Forest. 



395 



reasons, one of which has already been suggested. Winter 

 comes on, at least in our climate, before the growth is com- 

 pleted, and usually destroys more or less of the immature and 

 succulent terminal parts. It is better to remove this destroyed 

 portion, because if left it continues to absorb and transmit by 

 evaporation the sap brought up by the living part of the cane, 

 thus robbing in a measure the fruit and foliage. This pruning 



would naturally be done in the spring as soon as the buds be- 

 gin to swell. Earlier than this it would be difficult to decide 

 how much to remove ; later, the dead portion would already 

 have wrought a part of its mischief. 



The other reason for pruning is suggested chiefly, if not 

 wholly, by the convenience of culture. The canes of the 

 Black-Cap Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) grow to such a 



