406 



Garden and Forest. 



[August 20, 1890. 



sometimes suffer in severe winters, and altogether it is the 

 less beautiful and desirable plant of the two. 



Rosti multiflora produces seed in the greatest profusion. 

 This germinates readily ; and plants may be raised also 

 from cuttings or by layers. 



The double-flowered form of Rosa multiflora was intro- 

 duced into England as early as 1804 by Mr. Thomas Evans. 

 It is known as the Bramble-flowered Rose, and is not rare 

 in gardens, where many varieties have been cultivated at 

 different times. The variety Platyphylla, which I do not 

 know in any American garden, was described by Lindley, 

 who published a figure of it in the Botanical Register 

 (t 1372), and who called it the most beautiful of all climb- 

 ing Roses. He noticed, however, that the stems suffer 

 sometimes in winter unless protected. 



The results obtained by European rosarians by crossing 

 Rosa multiflora with different forms of Rosa Indica and of 

 Rosa semperflorens are seen in the so-called Polyantha 

 Roses, which have of late years attracted considerable at- 

 tention. These are not hardy here in the open ground, but 

 Mr. Dawson has obtained a hybrid by crossing the Japan- 

 ese species with various dark-colored Hybrid Perpetual 

 Roses which is exceedingly promising. The plants ob- 

 tained by these crosses are hardy, with good foliage, and 

 produce clusters of small, dark-colored, highly-scented 

 flowers. These experiments, although they have not been 

 carried on during a sufficient period to be conclusive, are 

 highly suggestive, and promise at least, a new race of 

 hardy climbing Roses of peculiar beauty and interest. 



C. S. S. 



New or Little Known Orchids. 



Odontoglossum X Leroyanum, Castle. — This is a most in- 

 teresting artificial hybrid, raised in the collection of Baron Ed- 

 mond de Rothschild, at Amandvilliers, near Paris, by M. Leroy. 

 It was obtained about five and a half years ago from O. 

 crispum, crossed with the pollen of 0. luteo-purpureuni, be- 

 tween which species it is quite intermediate. It is interesting 

 because it is the first artificially raised hybrid Odontoglossum 

 which has flowered, and also because it proves the parentage 

 of O. X Wilckeanum. That plant has always been considered 

 a natural hybrid between the two species in question, and O. 

 X Leroyanum, though perhaps distinct enough horticulturally 

 to retain the name, is quite identical from a botanical point of 

 view. — Gardeners' Chronicle, June 7th, p. 704. 



Zygopetalum Jorisianum, Rolfe. — A very distinct and hand- 

 some species, belonging to the section Euzygopetalum, but 

 with a three-lobed, fimbriate lip and fimbriate column- 

 wings. The lip is cream-white, with a broad yellow margin to 

 the side lobes, and a purple crest, while the segments are green, 

 heavily marked with purple-brown. The habit is somewhat 

 like Z. intermedium, but the pedicels are much longer. It was 

 introduced by M. Bungeroth from Venezuela, for the Society 

 "L'Horticulture Internationale," of Brussels.— Gardeners' 

 Chronicle, June 7th, p. 704. 



Calanthe x Mylesii, Williams. — This is a hybrid raised by 

 Mr. Myles, of Ryde, Isle of Wight, between C. vestita nivalis 

 and C. X Veitchii. There is, however, little trace of the latter in 

 the plant, which bears pure white flowers like C. vestita in 

 shape, with a lemon-yellow throat to the lip. — Warn, and 

 Will. Orchid Album, ix., t. 402. 



Cattleya labiata, Lindl., var. Warocqueana, Rolfe. — This 

 is one of the numerous forms which botanically are grouped 

 under the comprehensive term, C. labiata, Lindl. It is very 

 variable, and its relation to the other forms of this beautiful 

 group is not yet clearly made out, though it is supposed to be 

 a distinct geographical variety, in the same way as are C. 

 Mossice and C. Triatia, and others. It is said to be from a new 

 district. It is being distributed by the society " L'Horticulture 

 Internationale," of Brussels, as C. Warocqueana, Linden, un- 

 der which name it was awarded a diploma of honor at a re- 

 cent meeting of the Orchidgnne of Brussels. — Gardeners' 

 Chronicle, June 14th, p. 735. 



Cattleya X intricata, Rchb.f., var. maculata, Rolfe. — A 

 very pretty variety, with many rosy purple spots on the sepals 

 and petals. It was collected on the mainland of Santa Cath- 

 erina, Brazil, and is now in the collection of Mr. Malcolm Cook, 

 of Kingston Hill. It is evidently a natural hybrid between C. 

 intermedia and some form of C. guttata. — Gardeners' 'Chron- 

 icle, June 21st, p. 763. 



Cypripedium X Aylingi, Castle. — This is a very beautiful 

 hybrid, raised by Mr. Ayling, gardener to Mr. A. J. Hollington, 

 of Enfield, from C. niveum fertilized with the pollen of C. cili- 

 olare. The plant is very similar to C. niveum in habit, though 

 the shape of the segments is modified in the direction of C. 

 ciliolare. The lip is pure white, and the segments white with 

 numerous dots of light purple, which are arranged somewhat 

 in lines. It was awarded a first-class Certificate by the Royal 

 Horticultural Society on June 10th, and a Botanical Certificate 

 by the Royal Botanic Society on the following day. — Journal 

 of Horticulture, June 12th, p. 480, Fig. 74; Gardeners' Chron- 

 icle, June 14th, pp. 747, 748 ; June 28th, pp. 792, 797, Fig. 131. 



Cypripedium x Vipani, Rolfe. — Another very beautiful hy- 

 brid in the way of C. Aylingi, though quite distinct. It was 

 raised in the collection of Captain Vipan, Wansford, from C. 

 Philippinense fertilized with the pollen of C. niveum. As in 

 the last, the lip is pure white, though more compressed later- 

 ally, while the segments are narrower, white, the dorsal sepal 

 with eleven and the petals each with nine longitudinal stripes 

 of bright purple. It is strongly stamped with the character of 

 C. niveum, as indeed are all the hybrids which have this spe- 

 cies for one of the parents. — Gardeners' Chronicle, June 28th, 

 p. 792. R. A. Rolfe. 



Cultural Department. 



Notes on Shrubs. 



CONSIDERING their value as ornamental flowering plants 

 and their habit of blooming when comparatively few 

 other woody plants produce blossoms, it is surprising how ex- 

 tremely rare the hardy Heaths and Heathers are in American 

 gardens. This is the more remarkable when we think how 

 much these plants are prized by many of the immigrants from 

 Britain and the efforts which many of them have made* to in- 

 troduce their favorites from their native homes to the new, rich 

 soils of this country. In a comparatively few cases the importa- 

 tions seem to have been successful. This is attested by the 

 little patches of Heather which have occasionally been found 

 in the older settled parts of the country along the Atlantic sea- 

 board. Whether all the Heather in the localities where it has 

 been found in Massachusetts, Maine, Nova Scotia and New- 

 foundland has become naturalized since the colonization of the 

 country by Europeans, may remain a doubtful question; but 

 the origin of several of the so-called wild patches has been 

 clearly traced to the care and enthusiasm of some Scotch or 

 Irish settler. 



One reason why so many failures have occurred has no 

 doubt been due to conditions unfitted to their growth 

 and best development to which the plants have been intro- 

 duced. The severity of our winter climate and the general 

 necessity of some protection is also against them. Much of 

 our heavy clay soil is unsuited to them, and it seems, as a rule, 

 that they degenerate and die where there is much limestone 

 or lime in the soil, unless a spot is specially prepared. In such 

 cases the bed should be composed of peaty soil or leaf-mould 

 mixed with about a third or more of sand, and it should be at 

 least a couple of feet deep. The best success will result where 

 the plants have fairly equable, but not too much moisture. 

 Although the Heather will grow in shady places, the best 

 specimens will be produced where there is plenty of light and 

 air. Artificial propagation from seed is slow and troublesome, 

 and the plants are more easily grown from cuttings or layers. 

 By the last methods, also, any particularly free flowering or 

 otherwise peculiar plant may be indefinitely perpetuated. In 

 reproducing from cuttings the ends of the growing shoots are 

 taken off and placed in sand and covered with glass until roots 

 are formed. Where a plant is already established, however, it 

 is much easier to propagate a few plants from it by layers. 

 Wherever a spreading stem becomes slightly covered with 

 soil it in time produces roots, and as soon as these are suffi- 

 ciently numerous the new plant may be severed from the par- 

 ent and safely transplanted. 



For our northern gardens the most valuable of the Heaths 

 is the common European Ling or Heather (Calluna vulgaris), 

 both on account of its greater hardiness and also because 

 there is quite as much variation in the form and color of its 

 flowers as in any other hardy species. Besides the purplish 

 red flowered type there are varieties or forms with deeper or 

 paler colored flowers and some that are pure white. A very 

 pretty and interesting form has large double rosette-like flow- 

 ers. Plants which vary from the type in habit are generally not 

 so desirable for garden culture. One or two very dwarf or 

 compact forms are quite pretty, and make curious little tufts, 

 but this diminutive habit does not seem to be accompanied by 

 fine flowers. It is best to renew these and most of the other 



