584 



Garden and Forest. 



[December 3, 1S90. 



tissue induces decay, and finally produces a worthless, rotten 

 berry. 



An examination of other portions of plants bearing scalded 

 berries showed that the same Fungus penetrates all parts of 





Fig. 77. — A Leaf Half Scalded. 



Fig. 76. — Section of a Pustule. 



the plant. Such infested plants have a half dead appearance, 

 the leaves turn brown prematurely and readily drop from the 

 vines. A leaf half affected with the Scald Fungus is shown in 

 Fig. 77. The upper portion had 

 turned brown, and upon its sur- 

 face are many pimples similar 

 to those already noticed upon 

 the leaves. These pustules ap- 

 pear under the microscope to be 

 practically the same as those on 

 the berry. 



A study of the stem revealed the presence of the threads 

 of the Fungus, and they were traced down to the root and into 

 the soil. It is thus seen that the whole vine is infested and 

 the infection is not confined to the berries. Deeply seated 

 as the trouble is found to be, it is evident that any application 

 of a fungicide to the berries could scarcely prove effective. 

 Here is a case when the bog itself appears to be infested, and 

 this is difficult to reach with remedies. 



It is a fact obtained by an extended correspondence with 

 Massachusetts cranberry-growers that the scald is with them 

 only little known and not particularly damaging. The method 

 of making the bog is quite different on Cape Cod from that in 

 New Jersey. There sanding is considered a requisite, and the 

 bogs are kept clean of weeds; but in New Jersey sanding is 

 not practiced, and grass and weeds are not uncommon. 



The great difference noted may have much to do with the 

 prevalence of the scald in the last named state. While there 

 are differences of temperature, rain-fall, etc., they are not 

 great enough to warrant the assigning of meteorological con- 

 ditions as those which control the scald. 



It seems safe to assert that the soil conditions have the most 

 to do with the development of the trouble, and in so far as 

 these are subject to modification the scald is a subject for 

 future control, but to what extent remains to be determined. 

 It is suggested that if possible the soil conditions prevailing 

 in Massachusetts be made those for New Jersey. Upon some 

 scalded bogs it may be impracticable to do anything; sanding 

 may be out of the question, and there may be a poor water 

 supply, or it is not under control. There should be a healthy 

 bog soil, not constantly water soaked and "sour." 



The experiments during the present year with various chem- 

 icals applied to the vines and to the soil have not produced the 

 desired results. It is predicted that the best results will come 

 from experiments along the line of bog sanitation — that is, bet- 

 ter water control and the provision for healthier conditions for 

 the roots of the plants. Decaying vegetation and stagnant 

 water are two of the probable conditions for the development 

 of the scald. 

 Rutgers College. hyron D. Halsted. 



New or Little Known Plants. 



New Orchids. 



Sobralia Lown, Rolfe, is a dwarf and pretty little species, 

 introduced from New Granada by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., 

 of Clapton. It grows from about twelve to eighteen inches 

 high, and the flowers, which are freely produced, are of a uni- 

 form bright purple shade. It is allied to 5. sessilis and S. 

 decora. — Gardeners' Chronicle, October 4th, p. 378. 



Sobralia Wilsoniana, Rolfe, is a fine species, introduced 

 from Central America, with S. leucoxantha, by Messrs. F. 

 Sander & Co., of St. Albans. It flowered in the collection of 

 A. Wilson, Esq., of Westbrook, Sheffield. It is apparently 

 allied to 5. IVarsceiuiczii, and has the habit and stature of S. 

 lencoxanilia. The sepals and petals are four and a quarter 

 inches long, white, suffused with pale rose, while the lip is 



rosy pink in front, paler behind, and with the disc and throat 

 bright yellow. — Gardeners' Chronicle, October 4th, p. 378. 



MASDEVALLIA x MEASURESIANA, Rolfe, is a very pretty lit- 

 tle hybrid, raised by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, 

 from M. tovarensis, fertilized with the pollen of M. amabilis. 

 It resembles the pollen parent in habit and in the terete pe- 

 duncles, but in the shape and color of the flo\ver it approaches 

 nearer the characters of the seed-bearer, The perianth is 

 white, with lilac nerves and margin, and darker tails. — Gar- 

 deners' Chronicle, October 4th, p. 379. 



Cvpripedium x H. Ballaxtixe is a neat and prettv hybrid 

 raised in the establishment of Messrs. James Yeitch & 'Sons 

 by Mr. Seden from C. purpuratum fertilized with the pollen 

 of C. Fairieanum. It is quite intermediate in character, rather 

 inclining to C. purpuratum in shape, with the transverse re- 

 ticulations of C. Fairieanum in addition. — Gardeners' Chroni- 

 cle, October nth, p. 408. 



Cattleya aurea Imschoftiaxa is a charming variety with 

 pure white sepals and petals, and flowers somewhat smaller 

 than usual. It was exhibited by Baron Schroder at a meeting 

 of the Royal Horticultural Society on October 14th, when it was 

 awarded a first-class certificate.— Gardeners' Chronicle, Octo- 

 ber 1 8th, p. 447. 



Cattleya aurea Lixdexi is a beautiful variety with deep 

 yellow sepals and petals and deep brown lip. It was exhibited 

 by Messrs. Linden, L'Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, at 

 a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on October 14th. 

 — Gardeners' Chronicle, October 18th, p. 447. 



Cattleya Warocqueaxa flammea is a beautiful variety 

 with rosy carmine flowers tinged with Jilac, and the front lobe 

 of the lip with a central crimson blotch. It was exhibited by 

 Messrs. Linden at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society 

 on October 14th, when it was awarded a first-class certificate. 

 — Gardeners' Chronicle, October i8th, p. 447. 



Cattleya Warocqueaxa amethystixa is another very 

 richly colored variety ; the flowers of a deep rosy lilac, and 

 the lip of a deeper shade, with narrow, paler margin. It was 

 exhibited by Messrs. Linden with the preceding, and, like it, 

 was awarded a first-class certificate. — Gardeners' Chronicle, 

 October 18th, p. 447. 



Cattleya Du Buyssoxiaxa is a very pretty form of C. 

 granulosa, with pale yellow sepals and petals, and the lip with 

 crimson rose median lobe and paler side lobes. It was ex- 

 hibited by Messrs. Linden with the preceding, when it received 

 an award of merit. — Gardeners' Chronicle, October 18th, p. 447. 



Catasetum Buxgerothii, yar. Raxdii, is a beautiful vellow 

 variety, which was exhibited by Messrs. Linden at a meeting 

 of the Royal Horticultural Society on October 14th, and to 

 which an award of merit was given. — Gardeners' Chronicle, 

 October 18th, p. 447. 

 Kew. R. A. Rolfe. 



Plant Notes. 

 Some Recent Portraits. 



Aristolochia longicaudata is well figured in the Gardeners' 

 Chronicle of November istfrom a specimen brought to Eng- 

 land from Demerara by Mr. Todd and cultivated by him. The 

 flowers are cream colored, with purple, vein-like' markings, 

 the funnel-shaped throat at the top of the distended portion of 

 the tube being velvety purple, covered with coarse white hairs 

 with swollen bases, the points directed downward toward the 

 bottom of the flower, where is placed the column of the 

 stamens united with the styles. Aristolochia longicaudata be- 

 longs to the section of the genus in which the flowers are 

 characterized by the solitary lip, which, in this case, is pro- 

 longed into a very long margined tail. 



The colored plate in The Garden of London of the same 

 date is devoted to an exquisite representation of Benthamia 

 fragifera, the Indian representative of the Flowering Dog- 

 woods of North America, the genus Benthamia being now 

 joined by some authors to Cornus. We read that 



"Where it will survive the winter withoutinjury, and occupies 

 an isolated position so as to allow of its full development, this 

 native of Nepaul forms quite a tree, but with the character of 

 a large shrub, the branches being numerous and wide-spread- 

 ing, while they are plentifully clothed with oblong-shaped 

 leaves of a rather distinct lightish green tint. In some winters 

 the foliage is almost evergreen, while in the case of an un- 

 usually severe one the greater part of it quickly drops. The 

 flowers, which, in an established specimen, are usually borne 

 in great profusion, are, as a rule, at their best during July and 

 August. The reddish tinge which suffuses the major portion 

 of the inflorescence is not nearly so pronounced when the 



