January 20. 1888.] 



SCIENCE. 



35 



gins with a description of its anatomical basis. Then follows the 

 portion most similar to current text-books of psychology upon rea- 

 soning and ideas, but treated with a scientific appreciation of its 

 import not too frequently met with. A very detailed analysis of 

 the theories attempting to explain the perception of space and time 

 concludes this portion of the book. The third portion of the book 

 gives a convenient account of the facts of consciousness, the laws 

 of the association and reproduction of perceptions, a clear account 

 of the experiments upon the time occupied by the simpler psychic 

 acts, and of the phenomena of unconscious mental action. The 

 fourth part deals with the feelings, and is perhaps too long in pro- 

 portion to the rest of the work. Here the anthropologist speaks 

 out most strongly, and much matter is inserted not usually consid- 

 ered of prime importance in a text-book. The division of topics is 

 into the individual, the individuo-social, the social, and the aesthetic 

 sentiments. The final portion of the book is devoted to the will, 

 and gives a good though brief description of the various kinds of 

 movements, of the expression of the emotions, of the development 

 of will, and discusses from a psychological point of view the prob- 

 lems of free will and of responsibility. 



It will be seen that the order of topics is somewhat unusual, but 

 the merit of it can be tested only by actual trial as a text-book. 

 The especial merits of the work consist in the brevity of its state- 

 ments ; in the complete absorption of the scientific method of view- 

 ing mental facts, and thus avoiding the fault most common in 

 American psychological text-books of introducing the facts of 

 experimental research, but leaving the whole topic unenlivened by 

 a rejuvenating scientific interest ; and in the skill and care of its 

 presentation. 



The Italian edition of the work was published in 1879, and, 

 though the French edition has been revised, it has not derived the 

 full benefit of the most recent studies, though this is in many cases 

 no serious omission for a work of this kind. The object of writing 

 the book, the author tells us, was to spread the knowledge of the 

 modern methods of psychological research in Italy. If the students 

 of the Italian colleges can use such a text-book as this intelligently, 

 they must have a sounder scientific training than can be expected 

 from the ordinary junior or senior of American colleges. This is 

 the most serious fault of the book ; or it would be, at least, for an 

 English book of the kind. Its brevity has made it technical, and 

 the uncertain character of several of the topics most fully treated 

 requires a well-trained student, under the care of a skilful teacher, 

 to insure its appreciation. Having in view the text-books more or. 

 less devoted to the exposition of a scientific psychology, recently 

 published, it can, without hesitation, be said, that for the best 

 selected information, most conveniently and pedagogically expressed, 

 no better four hundred and fifty pages can be found than those of 

 Professor Sergi's book. 



NOTES AND NEWS. 



For a number of years the deficiency in the production of 

 mulberry-silk has drawn the attention of sericulturists to the rear- 

 ing of the wild silkworms of India, China, Japan, America, and 

 other parts ; and a great many reports have been published on 

 these wild silkworms, some of which are already bred in a state of 

 domesticity or semi-domesticity. Reports on this subject have ap- 

 peared during a succession of years in the Journal of the Society 

 of Arts, London ; the Entotnologist, London ; the Bulletin de la 

 SociSt^ d' Acclimatatzon de France.VdLris ; and the /sw, Berlin. Many 

 of these wild silkworms produce silk of great strength and beauty, 

 and could all be profitably utilized, if bred in their native lands, on 

 a large scale. Specimen cocoons, and carded and reeled silks of 

 about twenty different species, have been sent to the Societe d'Ac- 

 climatation, and they will be exhibited in the Paris International 

 Exhibition of 1889, together with specimens of the moths and pre- 

 pared larvffi of the various species. As it is highly important that 

 this exhibition should be as complete as possible, Mr. Alfred Wailly 

 of Tudor Villa, Norbiton, Surrey, Eng., has been requested by the 

 Societe d'Acclimatation to send all new specimens he can collect 

 from abroad. He is therefore desirous that sericulturists, entomol- 

 ogists, and all persons wishing to contribute to the formation of 

 this large and interesting collection of the wild silkworms of the 



world, should communicate with him, and he requests them to 

 kindly send him, in small or large quantities, specimens of live 

 cocoons, with names of food-plants for each species, whenever- 

 possible, and also specimens of the moths. Live cocoons, which 

 are specially required for the rearing of the species, should be sent 

 to Europe from October till about the end of March, according to- 

 distance : when sent later, especially when sent from tropical 

 regions, the moths generally emerge during the voyage, and all is- 

 lost. 



— Some large plumb-line deflections have been brought to light 

 in the Hawaiian Islands, amounting in several cases to almost a 

 minute of arc. During the past year fourteen latitude and three 

 gravity stations have been occupied on the principal islands of the- 

 group. Gravity was determined by pendulum observations at the 

 base and summit of Haleakala (ten thousand feet elevation), and 

 also at Honolulu, thereby connecting this work with the work of 

 1883 done by the United States Solar Eclipse Expedition. About 

 fifteen hundred measures of latitude were made, being an average 

 of more than a hundred measures for each station. The greatest 

 number of pairs observed on any one night was seventy-five. Four 

 stations were made on the island of Hawaii, and as near as practi- 

 cable they were placed north, south, east, and west of Mauna Loa, 

 the active volcano. One latitude station was also made on the top 

 of Haleakala. The expense of the work was borne by the Hawaiian 

 Government Survey, and the stations were selected by the surveyor- 

 general. Prof. W. D. Alexander. The necessary instruments were 

 loaned by the superintendent of our Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

 Mr. Preston, who made the observations, estimates about a year 

 for their complete reduction and discussion. 



— With the object of considering v/ell the various forestry needs 

 of Michigan, the last Legislature enacted a law making the mem- 

 bers of the State Board of Agriculture an independent forestry 

 commission. In accordance vv'ith this act, the commission will hold 

 a forestry convention at Grand Rapids, Jan. 26 and 27, for the pur- 

 pose of gathering and disseminating information, and helping to 

 awaken an interest in this important subject. 



— Rev. Ebenezer V. Cooper, missionary at Huahine, Society 

 Islands, has communicated to Xhe. San Francisco Bulletin the death 

 of Andrew Garrett as follows : " Andrew Garrett, a celebrated con- 

 chologist, died at his residence on the island of Huahine, Society 

 Group, South Seas, on the ist of November, 1887, in the sixty-fifth 

 year of his age. For some months past he had suffered from a 

 severe form of cancer in the face, which attack brought about his 

 death. Mr. Garrett was the third child in a family of fourteen, and 

 was born on the 9th of April, 1823, in Beaver Street, Albany, N.Y. 

 His mother was one Joanna van Neau Companeaux, a native of 

 Belgium, of good education, and speaking several languages ; his- 

 father being a Francis Garrett, a native of Canada. Both 

 parents lived to old age, the mother attaining seventy-two years 

 and the father eighty-four years. The early life of Andrew 

 Garrett was spent in Vermont State, where he very soon mani- 

 fested a decided scientific turn of mind. On one occasion, at eight 

 years of age, he left home without warning, to visit a museum 

 some hundred miles away, which having accomplished, he returned 

 home again in safety. He had a great fondness for travel ; and to 

 satisfy the longing, he went to sea at the age of eighteen. As a 

 shell-collector he made his first acquaintance with the South Pacific 

 in 1848, and in 1852 he ultimately adopted that island-studded 

 ocean as his special field of research. Since that time Mr. Garrett 

 has visited almost every island of note in the various groups of the 

 South Pacific, spending considerable time in each group. His- 

 studies not only embraced shells of the marine, fresh-water, and 

 land orders, but also birds, fishes, and other objects of natural his- 

 tory. He was also a botanist. For one period of ten years he was 

 professionally engaged in the interests of the Goddefroy Museum, 

 Hamburg, during which time was published ' Andrew Garrett's- 

 Fische der Siidsee,' in six parts, edited by Dr. Albert Giinther of 

 the British Museum. Mr. Garrett was also for a time associated 

 with Professor Agassiz. In addition to visiting and residing in every 

 group of islands of the Southern Pacific, Mr. Garrett visited and 

 explored many parts of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of South 



