SCIENCE 



AN ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL PUBLISHED WEEKLY. 



Verite sans peur. 



NEW YORK : THE SCIENCE COMPANY. 



FRIDAY, JANUARY 6, xi 



The Century Magazine has done an excellent thing in print- 

 ing t\yo diverse views of manual training side by side in its January 

 issue. The expression of the two views is typical of the discussions 

 now so prominent on this subject, and illustrates excellently why the 

 movement in favor of manual training is so strong, and why the oppo- 

 sition to it is so weak. Superintendent MacAlister of Philadelphia 

 states succinctly just what is being done in that city in the line of man- 

 ual training. This summary is clear and comprehensive ; his own 

 approval of it, based on experience, is unqualified ; and he tells us 

 that manual training has won the confidence of the community. 

 Superintendent Dutton of New Haven follows with a brief state- 

 ment of the work in his city, and states that " the effect of these 

 several forms of industrial effort upon teaching generally is good." 

 Both of these gentlemen deal with facts with which they are per- 

 fectly familiar, and their fayorable judgment upon manual training, 

 while unqualified, is carefully and thoughtfully expressed. The 

 gentleman who opposes manual training is Superintendent Marble 

 of Worcester, IVtass. His argument, if such it can be called, is an 

 hysterical juggling, with more or less crude theories, and not a 

 single fact is cited throughout his paper. An approach to a fact is 

 the statement that a phase of manual training was tried fifty years 

 ago, and proved a dead failure. This, however, is not true ; nor, if 

 it were, would it prove what Mr. Marble thinks it does. Manual 

 training, as now comprehended and expounded, is not more than a 

 dozen years old at most, and the most cursory knowledge of educa- 

 tional history should have acquainted Mr. Marble with this fact. 

 The same writer talks about " the protestations of those self-con- 

 stituted philanthropists," " the overthrow or subversion of the pub- 

 lic school," " that virile quality of thought and mental power which 

 it is the province of education to beget," " the materialistic tendency 

 of manual training," and so on, and succeeds in demonstrating only 

 that he is in absolute ignorance of what manual training is, and of 

 what it is intended to accomplish. When we read a paper such as 

 this, coming from a professed educator, it is the more easy to un- 

 derstand and to condone the crude speculations and outrageous 

 theories concerning education that so often emanate from persons 

 in no way connected with the school system of the country. 



FERDINAND VANDEVEER HAYDEN. 



Prof. Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, M.D., Ph.D., LL.D., 

 who died in Philadelphia on the morning of Dec. 22, was born in 

 Westfield, Mass., Sept. 7, 1829. Early in life he went to Ohio. In 

 1850 he was graduated from Oberlin College, and soon afterward 

 read medicine at Albany, N.Y., receiving his degree from the Al- 

 bany Medical College in 1853. He did not begin the practice of 

 medicine, but in the spring of the year of his graduation was sent 

 by Prof. James Hall of Albany, with Mr. F. B. Meek, to visit the 

 Bad Lands of White River, to make collections of the cretaceous 

 and tertiary fossils of that region. This was the beginning of his 

 explorations of the West, which continued with little interruption 

 for more than thirty years. 



In the spring of 1854, Dr. Hayden returned to the Upper Mis- 



souri region, and spent two years in exploring it, mainly at his own 

 expense, although he was aided a portion of the time by gentlemen 

 connected with the American Fur Company. During these two 

 years he traversed the Missouri River to Fort Benton, and the 

 Yellowstone to the mouth of the Big Horn River, and explored 

 considerable portions of the Bad Lands of White River and other 

 districts not immediately bordering upon the Missouri. The large 

 collections of fossils he made, were given partly to the Academy of 

 Sciences in St. Louis, and partly to the Academy of Natural 

 Sciences of Philadelphia. 



As one of the members of the Geological Survey has recently 

 said, these collections furnished the data for profitable scientific in- 

 vestigation ; and the researches then begun mark the commence- 

 ment of the epoch of true geologic investigation of our Great West. 

 These collections attracted the attention of the officers of the 

 Smithsonian Institution ; and in February, 1856, Dr. Hayden was 

 employed by Lieut. G. K. Warren, of the United States Topo- 

 graphical Engineers, to make a report upon the region he had ex- 

 plored ; so that the results of his labors during the three previous 

 years were utilized by the government. This report was made in 

 March of the same year, and in May following he was appointed 

 geologist on the staff of Lieutenant Warren, who was then engaged 

 in making a reconnaissance of the North-west. He continued in 

 this position until 1859, when he was appointed naturalist and sur- 

 geon to the expedition for the exploration of the Yellowstone and 

 Missouri Rivers, by Capt. William F. Raynolds of the Corps of 

 Engineers of the United States Army, with whom he remained 

 until 1862. The results of his work while with Lieutenant Warren 

 were published in a preliminary report of the War Department, and 

 in several articles in the ' Proceedings of the Academy of Natural 

 Sciences of Philadelphia for the Years 1857 and 1858,' and more 

 fully in a memoir on the geology and natural history of the Upper 

 Missouri, published in the 'Transactionsof the American Philosoph- 

 ical Society,' Philadelphia, 1862. This paper also included chap- 

 ters on the mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, and recent moUusca of 

 the region in which his geological investigations were carried on. 

 During this time also he found time to make notes upon the lan- 

 guages and customs of the Indian tribes with which he came in 

 contact. These notes were embodied in ' Contributions to the 

 Ethnography and Philology of the Indian Tribes of the Missouri 

 River,' published in the ' Transactions of the American Philosophi- 

 cal Society,' Philadelphia, 1862; in a 'Sketch of the Mandan In- 

 dians, with some Observations illustrating the Grammatical Struc- 

 ture of their Language,' published in the American Journal of 

 Science in 1862 ; and in ' lirief Notes on the Pawnee, Winnebago, 

 and Omaha Languages,' published in the ' Proceedings of the 

 American Philosophical Society,' Philadelphia, 1869. 



In May, 1862, Dr. Hayden was appointed acting-assistant sur- 

 geon of volunteers by the surgeon-general of the United States 

 Army, and was sent to Satterlee Hospital in Philadelphia. He was 

 ccnfirmed by the United States Senate as assistant-surgeon and 

 full surgeon of volunteers on the same day (Feb. 19, 1863), and 

 sent to Beaufort, S.C, as chief medical officer, where he re- 

 mained for one year, when he was ordered to Washington as assist- 

 ant medical inspector of the Department of Washington. On the 

 19th of February, 1864, he was sent to Winchester, Va., as chief 

 medical officer of the army in the Shenandoah valley. Here he re- 

 mained until May, 1865, when he resigned, and was brevetted lieu- 

 tenant-colonel for meritorious services during the war. During the 

 remainder of the year 1865 he was employed in work at the Smith- 

 sonian Institution. It was during this year that he was elected 

 professor of geology. and mineralogy in the University of Penn- 



