KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS ITANDLINGAK. BAND 35. N:0 3. 29 



these have a large hollow portion basally. The walls of this portion are only in two of 

 these species braced by osseous lainelhr or tral;)ecuke. I have h;id opportunity to make 

 a lougitudinal section of the core of a species of Nemorhoedas bovip-ht as ^V". (joral, but 

 it is more similar to N. edicardsi althoiigh ditfering from tliat with regard to the deve- 

 lopnient of the sinus of the core as will be scen låter. In this the following condition 

 is found. The bony core extends through 56 ?6 more or less of the entire length of the 

 horn. A little moi-e than the l)asal fifth of the core is occupied l)y a large undivided 

 sinus which can be termed bluntly conical in shape. ^) This sinus is surrounded by thick 

 walls which posteriorlv and ou the sides are about 5 mm. in thickness and entii"ely 

 compact. Auteriorly the thickness of the wall is, quite basally where it is compact, only 

 4 mm., but it becomes nearly twice that thick at the upper end of the sinus. There 

 the interiör half consists, however, of spongious tissue. The outer compacta of the core 

 which is a, continuation of the walls of the sinus can be followed .-dl the way to the tip. 

 It is nearly of the same thickness in front and behind, tapering on the section from al:)out 

 4 mm. at the base to 3 mm. at the tip. Posteriorly it is howevei' more distinct from the 

 interiör s])ongiosa and thus tirmer than the anteriorly somewhat porous stratum. The 

 central pnrts of the core consist of a rather coarse semi-tubular spongious Ijony tissue. 

 The tip Avould be compact, if it was not tra^-ersed by canals for bloodvessels. The core 

 is consec|uentlv of a rather lirm structure, but there are no traces of trajectories according 

 to Culmann's law. The horny sh(nith is ringed in its proximal half, the distal portion 

 being smooth. It is, compared with that of the Chamois, %ery thick and strong. It is 

 strongest along the antero-mesial face where it measures 7 — 8 mm. in thickness 4 cm. 

 from the base, and weakest at the opposite latero-posterior side where the corresponding 

 nieasurement is 4 — 5 mm. Bnsally the horn and the core are somewhat compressed in 

 an ol)li(|uely antero-posterior direction. The distal part of the core is a little compressed 

 from the sides and so is the distal smooth part of the horn. The periphery of a section 

 through the \\ovn does not show an evenlv cur\ed line, because the medio-posterior side 

 is a little fiatter than elsewhere. — Stränge enough the horns of the specimen at hand 

 look more worn a little above the middle on the latero-anterioi- and medio-posterior side 

 than at other places. I dåre not however draw any conclusions from this, because I do 

 not know if perhaps the aninial to which the head once belonged had been kept in con- 

 linement where it easily could have rubbed its horns against the l)ars of the cage and 

 produced such an effect. — The hoi'ns are probably used as weajions in the sagittal plane. 

 The lateral com]n'ession of the tips is a suitable adaption for this. Tiie antero-posterior 

 basal comj»i'ession strengthens the horns against violence from the side and torsion. The 

 great -width of the horns and their solid structure of core as well as of sheath make 

 them tirm enough without any special mechanical arrangements. 



About the horns of Haploci-ros montanas I know only the fact that they are somewhat 

 compressed from the sides so that their section is oval. Otherwise they are probably 

 similar to those of Nemorhxdus. ". • ■■ - ■' . 



1) According to Milne Edwards' iigure the sinus in the core of A", edu-ard.n extends through fully 

 half the core and is broken up into smaller rooms separated by osseous trabeculfe. According to another tigure 

 iu the same authors quoted work the sinus of the core of N. tjoral is also larger than iu the specimen at hand. 



