CHAPTER II. 



PHYSICAL lEATUEES. 



Section 1. — General Structure of the Area. 

 The portion of Palamow herein described and the parganah of 

 Toree are situated south of the Daltonganj parallel 



deSnJed ""^ ''''^^^ ^^"^^ ^^ latitude. To define the tract more exactly, it 

 may be said to coincide with the rectangular area 

 which is bounded by the 83° 45' and 84° 45' meridians of east longi- 

 tude, and the 23° 30' and 24° parallels of north latitude. 



In the central part of this area there is a distinct valley which is on 

 the same line of east and west strike as the 



^ Central valley crossed Pamuda valley, but is separated from that line of 

 by a watershed. "^ 



drainage by a very marked bar of metamorphic 

 rocks which forms a watershed separating the waters which flow north- 

 wards, by the Koel and Sone, into the Ganges from those which find 

 their way eastwards by the Damuda into the Hugli and so into the 

 Bay of Bengal. 



Separated by this barrier at an average distance from each other of 



six miles, lie the coal fields of Karanpura and 



Disruption of coal ^^runga. That these two areas formed at one 

 nelds now produced. '^ 



time parts of a continuous whole, there can be little 

 doubt; and the relative elevations of the two fields compared with that 

 of the watershed, considered in connection with some other observations, 

 indicate pretty clearly the modus operandi by which the disruption was 

 produced. The marginal rocks of the Karanpura field dip away from 

 this watershed at elevations only slightly below its average level, while 

 outlying patches of beds of the same age occur at even higher levels. It 

 does not seem probable, therefore, that the barrier is formed, at least to 

 any great extent, of a locally upheaved ridge^. On the other hand, the 



" Mr, Medlicott found rocks which he considered to be of this age capping the Madagir 

 Hill near Torce. 



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