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[Fam. PELECANID^ 



PHALACEOCOEAX MELANOLEUCUS. 



(FRILLED SHAG.) 



Phalacrocorax melanoleucus, VieilL N. Diet. viii. p. 88 (1817). 

 FhalacrocoTox fiamrhynchus, Gould, P. Z, S. 1837, p. 157. 

 Graucalm flavirostris. Gray, in DiefF. Trav. ii., App. p. 201 (1843). 

 Gracalus melanoleucus. Gray, Voy. Ereb. and Terr., Birds, p. 20 (1844). 

 Gracuhis melanoleucus. Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 251. 

 Halieus melanoleucus, Bonap. C. E. xliii. p. 577 (1856). 

 Microcarbo melanolmeM.^.'Waw7\Ti. Cnr^^vi Av w -n ^1'^ (^R^'7\ 



Ad, pUeo coUoque postico et corpora suprk nigris, scapularibus et tectricibus alarum viridi uitentibus, velutino- 



nigro marginatis : pileo et collo lateralibus cum corpora subtus toto albis : corporis lateribus, subalaribus 

 et axillaribus nigris : rostro iiavicanti-brunneo^ culmine saturatiore : pedibus nigiris : iride saturate 

 brunnea : regiona ophtbalmica flava. 



Adult. Crown of the head^ hind part of nack^ and general upper surface^ as well as tlia sides of the body, 

 flanks, axillary plumes, and inner lining of wings glossy black ; wing-coverts and scapulars greenish 

 black, with ebony-black edges; face, throat, fore part and sides of neck, and all the under surface pure 

 white; wing- feathers and tail black. Irides dark bro^yn; space round the eyes yellow; bill yellowish 

 brown, deepening to black on the ridge ; tarsi and feet black. The feathers of the forehead are narrow 

 and elongated, forming a slight vertical crest ; the white plumage of the face and the feathers of the 

 hind head are likewise produced, forming tolerably distinct lateral and occipital crests. 

 24-5 inches; wing, from flexure, 9*5; tail 6*25; bill, along the ridge 1-25, along the edge of lower 

 mandible 2-1 ; tarsus 1'25 ; longest toe and claw 2'6, 



Length 



Young. Differs only in having the feathers of the upper surface margined more or less with pale brown, and 

 the plumage of the underparts of a less pure white, obscurely mottled with brown. 



The Frilled Shag, although dispersed over every part of Australia, is a comparatively rare species 

 in New Zealand. It resorts to the rocky shores of bays and estuaries, as well as to inland rivers 

 and lagoons ; and it is said to breed in trees, several pairs being generally associated together. 



