//:£. 



THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE. 



1 



^S Of ligbj 



V'ever 



still 





that, heat generates motion (though both are true in 

 certain cases), but that heat itself, its essence and 



.... Heat is 



quiddity, is motion and nothing else 



a motion, expansive, restrained, and acting in its strife 



lerlv 1 "P°^ ^^^ smaller particles of bodies i.' Locke, also, 



y looked fr , ,1 r. j_ „„ „„„j u;^^,jr;^ ,^,,'^u <-u^ c-^r^^ 



e 



well-nigi 



shortly afterwards, expressed himself in much the same 



pending in 



But before s 



of Life 



terms. H 



Heat 



is a very brisk agitation 



\ 



( 



)f the insensible parts of the object, which produces 



Stat 



I 



in 



us that sensation from whence 



we 



denominat 



the subject hotj so that what in our sensation is 



■ well to gli. i„gaf^ in the object is nothing but motion.^ But it was 



? helped to 1( not till quite the close of the last century, in 1798, 



f ForceSj orC that Benjamin Thompson, afterwards Count Rumford, 



las been so \ announced to the Royal Society his conviction, based 



ccptions to wl upon real experimental evidence, that heat was a 



mode of motion. Whilst superintending the boring 



doctrine of of cannon in the military arsenal at Munich^ Count 



£yllyfoit Rumford was much struck with the heat acquired by 



Th Droo'rt^" ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^'^^ ^^^^ bored for a time, and 



o-radii ^^^° ^^^^ ^^^^ intense heat of the metallic chips which 



,„; were senarated bv the borer 2. He then instituted 



closing T' 

 since been 



lany workers 



ver, to be ' 



^ more tb' 



Bacon, ^ 



were separated by 



the most careful experiments to ascertain the source 



li 



Or! 



3od 



of this heat, and in his memoir, after having de- 

 tailed the nature and results of these experiments, he 

 made the following remarks in opposition to the then 

 prevalent notion that heat was a material substance, 

 a kind of igneous fluid named ^caloric:' — ^We have 



1 Bacon's Works, vol. iv. Spedding s Translation. 



2 See Tyndall's ' Heat Considered as a Mode of Motion,' 1863, p. 53. 



