'^£. 



THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE. 



13 



ri<riC4iiP 



■^^abled Mr, 



■chani 



leal 



^'^ «f heat. 

 ^^ing one 







feet 



was esji 



niotion or 



By the rubbing of substances of a different nature 

 together electricity is produced, as in the ordinary 

 electrical machine. Magnetism, aga-i^? may result from 

 motion- either immediately, in a bar of soft iron, 

 through a repetition of percussions, which, producing 

 motion amongst the particles of the bar, facilitate their 

 assumption of the magnetic mode of collocation- or 

 mediately through the intervention of electricity which 

 has itself been generated by motion. And, as Mr. Her- 

 bert Spencer says ^5 ^ The transformations of electricity 

 into other modes of force are still more clearly demon- 

 strable. Produced by the motions of heterogeneous 



I Helmholtz; bodies in contact, electricity, through attractions and 



II to the exp repulsions, will immediately reproduce motion in neigh- 

 been shown t bouring bodies. Now a current of electricity generates 

 sts between: magnetism in a bar of soft iron; and now the rotation 

 nical force,! 



pOllIlG 



of one 

 scale ^. 



her the ultb; 

 ^hich the na: 



L 



1 



of a permanent magnet generates currents of elec- 

 anifestingit tricity. Here we have a battery in which^ from the 



erefore hask pl^y of chemical affinities, an electric current results j 

 f motion'' I ^'^^ there, in the adjacent cell, we have an electric 



/mo" 



are 



that all' current effecting chemical decomposition. In the con- 



similar 



mutua 



ci 



ducting wire we witness the transformation of elec- 

 tricity into heat ; while in the electric sparks and in ■ 



• ori! ^^ voltaic arc we see light produced That mag- 



r may g netism produces motion is the ordinary evidence we 



have of its existence. In the mameto-electric machine 



t 



,.,^1 we see a rotating magnet evolving; electricity. And 



of heat w'^; ° ^ ^ 



und ^vhicb ^^ 



1 < 



First Principles,* p. 254. 



