z/^^_ 



111 



rclati 



THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE. 



19 



ons 



's, h 



eit 



^ said^, 



more fully discussed, and Dr. Carpenter laboured most 

 successfully to show ' that so close a mutual relation- 

 ship exists between all the vital forces, that they may 



^ode of re:,, ^^ legitimately regarded as modes of one and the same 



as Well 



ular for 



as 



■c^: a 



forced' And he also maintained that these so-called 

 vital forces were evolved within the living bodies of 



:ind at som P''^^^^ ^^'^ °^ ^^^ Iovjqv animals by the transformation 



finite 



correlati 



from 



^rpenter, ani 

 m- In an ai 



Foreign 



without, which were given back to the external world 

 again, either during the life of the living beings, or 

 after their death, in terms of motion and heat, and 

 also, to a slight extent, in the form of light and elec- 



and 



S48, Dr. Carf tricity. These doctrines are thus definitely expressed 



of various t by him^r—cThe vital force which causes the prim- 



pral phjskaW ordial cell of the germ first to m 



car to each 01 then to develope itself into a complex and extensive 



or transform organism, was not either originally locked up in that 



to speak, tfc single cell, nor was it latent in the materials which 



somewhat aftf ^re progressively assimilated by itself and its descend- 



tricity when? ^nts^- but it is directly and immediately supplied by 



;/ Then, in 1 

 Society- an^' 



^ In unicellular organisms, all the vital functions, so far as they are 

 differentiated, are carried on in the single cell ; and in the higher animals 

 • 1 Tr^nS^^ which proceed from the growth and development of some single, equally 

 ^^^ Vita' "^^^^^^^^ semi, specialization of function goes hand and hand with spe- 



5 of th^ cialization of structure. 



doctrine was' ^ Loc. dt pp. 75.-756. 



^ ^^^s holds good for plants, the lowest animals, and the initial 



changes in the higher animals, though all the later vital manifestations 

 .jiicb ^^'^ of the latter are dependent almost entirely upon the redistribution of the 



forces pertaining to the organic substances which constitute their food, 

 and to the various chemical changes taking place within their own 



C 2 



° 1 by i''^' 



emitted b) 



n 



