THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE. 



' ^"^out from 

 '^ their bod, 



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in which 



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ipe 



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 those 



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273 



particles. We also frequently see straight necklace-like 

 rows composed of from two to fifteen bead-shaped 

 bodies about the size of ordinary plastide-particles^ 

 though having a more hollow appearance. These aggre- 

 gates are either motionless^ or they exhibit a slow 

 vibratile movement^. Not unfrequently organisms 

 are met with which present an appearance somewhat 



similar to that of the 



smaller vegetative 



cells of 



the name of 



In addition, there 



the yeast-fungus — commonly known 



ToYul^ j they are, however, more minute than these, and 



seem rather solid than cellular — presenting no evidences 



of a nucleus. One spherule is frequently seen with a 



much smaller bud-like particle attached, and they may 



exhibit pretty active oscillations, though never move- 



ments of a more extensive nature. 



are to be seen in fermenting fluids more than ordinarily 



refractive particles, between which and minute though 



obvious 'Fungus-^^oxt^ or Torula cells all intermediate 



forms can be detected. 



r 



These are the simplest organisms most frequently met 



Such cliaplet-Hke combinations are censidered by Pasteur to be very 

 mmute TorulacecB, but I think they are more closely allied to Bacteria 

 than to ToruIcE. They are almost invariably to be met with in urine in 

 company with other organisms when this is undergoing change. Indeed 

 Pasteur even says :— * Je suis tres porte a croire que cette production con* 

 stitue un ferment organise, et qu'il n'y a jamais transformation de I'uree 

 en carbonate d'ammoniaque sans la presence et le developpement de ce 

 petit vegetal.' It develops in the body of the liquid and not specially at 

 the surface, where we frequently meet with a pellicle made up of bodies 

 of the kind next to be mentioned. Both these forms, however, may be 

 found in fluids which are altogether different in nature. 



e ^'v 



VOL. I. 



T 



