^. 



P'^^^^ for ev, ' 



'^e other 



many 



■e 



? pores were 

 tained in 



related i 



IQ His 



contact 



prevent germi. 

 ascertained 



seconds to 

 to prevent 



t 



I 



tk 



with whiclilt 

 other obserfl 



d and anions 



self Spe« 



r 



k in 



Schwa""' , 



I 



. chose f *; I 



as 



1 k'^°''.;„«, 



I 



1 of 0'' 



firn^^ 



tioD. 



77/^ BEGINNINGS OF LIFE. 



3^7 



Tarulacee^ aucun ferment vegetal. II n'ya pas de doute 



que cela tient a ce que les germes de ces dernieres 

 productions, ne peuvent resister a loo^'C au sein de 

 I'eau, ce que j'ai d^ailleurs constate par des expe- 

 riences directes/ Professor Wyman says ^ : — ^ We have 

 tried many experiments upon different kinds of moulds 

 and yeast plants, and have found, as nearly all ob- 

 servers have, that they perish at 212° F/ The obser- 

 vations of Baron Liebig tend to show that they are 

 killed in fluids at a temperature even much below 



this ; he 



says 



not cause fermentation in a sugar solution. 



A temperature of 60° C (140° F) 

 kills the yeast cells • after exposure to this temperature 

 in water they no longer undergo fermentation, and do 



... In 



like manner, active fermentation in a saccharine liquid 

 is stopped when the liquid is heated to 6o''C, and it 

 does not recommence again on cooling the liquid/ 



The evidence which we at present possess concerning 

 the tenacity of Life displayed by Bacteria and Vlhrlones 

 in fluids whose temperature has been raised, is just as 



decisive as that concerning the 



spores 



of fungi. 



M 



F 



Pouchet's observations led him to believe that Vlhrlones^ 

 in common with all the varieties of ciliated infusoria, 



I J 



r 



are killed by raising the temperature of the fluid which 



contains them to 



^"^ 



M. Victor Meuni 



also 



' * Observations and Experiments on Living Organisms in Heated 

 Water,' loc. cit. 



^ Translation of a paper on * Alcoholic Fermentation,' in 'Pharmaceu- 

 tical Journal,' July 30, 1870, p.. Si, 



\ 



