456 



THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE. 



After it had been examined^ the remainder of the 

 fluid was left in the open flask. Six weeks afterwards 

 it was accidentally noticed^ and a bluish-green fungus 

 was seen covering the surface of the fluid. On 

 microscopical examination of the sediment which had 

 collected at the bottom of the flask^ multitudes of 

 Torula cells were found^ though there was a complete 

 absence of Bacteria ^ 



Solutions exposed in airless and hermetically-sealed flasks to 

 a temperature of 295° — 307°-^ (146° — 153^0 for four 

 hours, and subsequently maintained at a temperature of 



70 



8o°i^. 



Experiment q. An infusion of turnip which had 

 been much charred by the high temperature. It had 

 become brown in colour^ and in addition there was a 



Appendix C, also point to the desirability of neutralizing a turnip 

 infusion if we wish to increase the chances of finding organisms within 

 the flasks. In Exps. a and g the odour was not that of mere baked 

 turnip, and the solutions had become acid — fermentation had in fact 



taken place. 



^ I have also on other occasions (see Appendix C, Exp» xviii.) fre- 

 quently found, when the fermentability of certain fluids is lowered by the 

 influence of heat, that they yield nothing but slowly-growing TorulcB, 

 although a portion of the same fluid, unheated and standing beneath 

 the same bell-jar, would speedily become turbid and yield myriads 

 of Bacteria without Torulce. Facts of this kind are very interesting, 

 and serve to throw light upon the morphological differences which 

 exist between Bacteria and Torulce. Crystals which are produced 

 rapidly, are always smaller and less perfect in form than those of 

 slower growth. 



T0 



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