2.ai 



er 



ue\v 



3nnuall 

 eath th 



y 



e 



Ppens 



^lik J but 



: winter. 



erbaceous 

 lie in fize 



ir or five 



►re (hould 



aid in the 



^oL XVI. 



till they 

 nothin 



is faid t 



r 







curs m 

 of fcabius 



before tbe 



from tbe 



CO 



-itious, 

 he bark, or 

 ould not ^ 



tban 



that 



e 



root ni2/ 



) 



fes exp 



ite 



the ^^' 



or 



bran 



(T 



ifJ^ 



\ 



Sect. XVII. 2. 1. 



ROOTS AND BARKS, 



481 



iHg roots may te by pinching off the flowers, as foon as they appear, 

 vt'hen the feeds are not wanted ; this I once faw praaifed on the 

 rheum palmaturii with apparent advantage, as well as on potatoes, as 

 mentioned above; as more nutriment may thus be derived to the 



w buds forming on th 



The colouring matter fold under the name of 



arnotta, 



which is faid to be obtained from the fkin of the kernel of the bixa 

 of South America, or of the enonymus (hrub cultivated in our gar- 

 dens, is believed to be much adulterated with madder, rubia tindoria ; 

 the root of which for the purpofe of colouring cheefe may be ufed 

 inftead of arnotta, and is to my knowledge a perfectly harmlefs root, 

 thoucrh it tinges the bones of young animals red, who eat it mixed 

 with their food, and may be grown by cheefe-farmers in their own 

 gardens, as it is a v( 



t> 



r 



ry hardy perennial plant, and requires no art of 



frefh 



cultivation. It may be ufed either by pounding th 



boiling it in water, or by drying the root for the purpofe of pref( 



iiig it, 



d 



it, and afterwards bruifing and boiling it. 

 For the cultivation of rubia tin£toria fee Miller's Gardener 



D 



tionary, who defcribes with feveral plates the manner of growing and 

 of afterwards preparing this root in prodigious quantities in Holland; 

 and adds, " that if the cultivation of madder was carried on properly 

 jn England, that it would not only fave to the nation the great an- 

 nual fum now expended in the purchafe of it from the Dutch, but 

 would employ a great number of hands, from the time harveft is 



over 



the fpring of the year, which is generally a dead time for 

 labourers ; and the parifties might thence be much ea fed of the poor's 

 rates, which is a confideration well worthy public attention.** 



The external part of the root of rubia tin6loria is coloured red, and 

 its internal part yellow, which diftinguifhes it from mod other roots, 

 which are generally etiolated owing to their feclufion from the light ; 

 which liberates their fuperfluous oxygen, which otherwife deprives 

 them of colour as in bleaching, by uniting with their colouring mat- 



a> 



3^ 



ter, 



