146 AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST. 
3. The final extermination of pri deer long after its rela- 
tive, the gp had become extin 
4. The ES Ed ye complete, of nearly all 
of v Cami, vo 
he ability of the red fox and coyote to maintain their 
ae where other species, related to them, and with simi- 
lar habits, have been extirpated. 
6. The differential reduction in number of the larger 
rodents, the porcupine being extinct, and the gray squirrel 
iind suffered more from advancing civilization than the fox 
squir 
T. The probable increase of many small rodents. 
The practical or complete extermination of the pileated 
and Hor lied woodpeckers, Jus gene passenger pigeon, 
prairie chicken, wild turkey and ruffed grouse 
9. The marked decrease in number wg waterfow T. 
10. The ato increase in number and extension of the 
range of many passerine birds. 
marked decrease in number of many fishes, mollusks 
and ci read animals. 
2 ncrease in ne of certain insects, accompanied 
by an Genion of their range. 
1 ecrease in number of a few species of insects. 
We will now consider, with as much detail as space al- 
lows, the factors that render some species more fit than others 
in the struggle for existence under the conditions that have 
existed in this State during approximately a century and a 
quarter — namely the manrelation. 
MAMMALS. 
THE BISON. 
The facts concerning the extermination of the bison are 
too well known to require a lengthy discussion. Hornaday* 
(89) recognized two periods of extermination, that of desul- 
tory destruction, from 1730 to 1830, and the period of sys- 
tematic destruction, from 1830 to 1888. The first period em- 
ngues 
However, it is the purpose of the present paper to ask 
* The Extermination of the American Bison, W. T. Hornaday, Re- 
port of the U. S. National Museum for 1887, pp. "369-548. See also e 
= «m Indiana Dep't. of Geology and Natural Resources, pp. 
