. among which, that which had gratified 
. me most, was a beautiful Paonia (P, 
Brown, the only individual of this genus 
in America), with a flower that is dark 
. purple outside, and yellow within, bloom- 
ing on the very confines of perpetual snow, 
while it grows poor and small on the tem- 
perate parts of the mountains, and wholly 
disappears on the plains below. A lovely 
Lupine, (L. Sabini, Bot. Reg. t. 1485) 
with large spikes, twelve to eighteen inches 
i long, of. yellow flowers, covering whole 
tracts of the country for miles, and remind- 
ing me ofthe ** bonny broom," that enlivens 
the moors of my native land, gave me 
much pleasure. The specimens in my 
collection will show how desirable an ac- 
quisition this would be to our gardens. 
The crevices of the rocks were adorned 
m many places with a white-flowered 
Pedicularis, and a new Draba, while 
several species of Pentstemon fringed the 
mountain rivulets, and a yellow Eriogonum 
(£. Spherocephalum) sprang up in the 
crevices of granite rocks. Of Lupinaster 
macrocephalus! (Pursh), whichnever grows 
below three thousand feet on the moun- 
tains, I am most anxious to obtain seeds ; 
aslo of Trifolium altissimum (Hook. Fl. 
Bor. Am. v. 1.t. 48.) 
Monday, 26th.—Being more and more 
anxious of making a second journey to the 
‘ame mountains, I sent again to my guide, 
and bade him prepare to accompany me ; 
on which he instantly began to plead that 
he had not recovered from the fatigue of 
his former excursion, and finally refused 
to go. Perceiving that this statement was 
by no means true, at least to the extent 
that he wanted to make me believe, I was 
on the point of trying the effect of a little 
goa chastisement, in order to teach 
m, that since I was paying for his ser- 
o. I had a right to require them, when 
Lot his escape without loss of time. 
a awards learned that the “ Young 
Bo" the interpreter's son was called, 
en oid the poor ignorant being that I 
S a great Medicine Man, which, among 
. - Poor people, is considered equivalent 
! Trifolium megacephalum. | 
ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER. 
117 
to possessing necromantic powers, and hav- 
ing intercourse with evilspirits. Also that 
if he accompanied me, and acted so as, in 
any way, to incur my displeasure, I should 
transform him into a Grisly Bear, and set 
him to run in the woods for the rest of his 
life, so that he would never see his wife 
again. It is not to be wondered at that 
these fears acted powerfully upon the 
Indian, and caused him to behave in the 
way he did. 
Mr. Black afterwards furnished me with 
another guide, whom I took the more 
readily, as he was no smoker, and such a 
knave that nobody would dare to steal 
from him. It is, however, worthy of no- 
tice, that among these people confidence 
answers best. An instance of dishonesty 
has hardly been ever known where pro- 
perty has been intrusted to their hands. 
Another good point in their character is 
hospitality. A stranger can hardly imagine 
the kindness he will receive at their hands. 
If they have a hut they entreat you to 
enter it, or failing that, if the day is wet, 
one of brushwood is quickly made for your 
use, and whatever they possess in the way 
of food is set before you. On one occasion 
I was regaled with steaks, and a roasted 
shoulder cut from a Doe, of the Long- 
Tailed Deer (Cervus leucurus), accompa- 
nied by an infusion of ? sweetened with 
a small portion of sugar. The meat was laid 
on the clean foliage of Gualtheria Shallon, 
in lieu of a plate, and our tea was served in 
a large wooden dish, hewn out of a piece of 
solid timber. For spoons we had the horns 
of the Mountain Sheep, or Mouton Gris 
of the Voyageurs, formerly mentioned. 
The garb of the Umptqua tribe of In- 
dians, of whom Centrenose (a native name) 
is the Chief, consists of a shirt and trousers, 
made of the undressed skins of small deer. 
The richer individuals decorate this garb 
with shells, principally marine ones, thus 
showing their proximity to the sea. The — 
females wear a petticoat made of the tissue 
of Thuja occidentalis, like that which is 
used by the Chenook Indians, and above 
2 The word is quite unintelligible in Mr. Douglas 
Journal. 
