170 
held in the hand, five feet from the ground, 
indicated a temperature of 89°, and when 
laid on the lava, if in the sun’s rays, 115°; 
and 112° in the shade; on the brink of the 
burning lake, at the South end, it rose to 
?. Over some fissures in the lava, 
where the smoke was of a greyish rather 
than a blue tinge, the thermometer stood 
at 94°. I remained for upwards of two 
hours in the crater, suffering all the time 
an intense headache, with my pulse strong 
and irregular, and my tongue parched, to- 
gether with other symptoms of fever. The 
intense heat and sulphurous nature of the 
ground had corroded my shoes so much, 
that they barely protected my feet from 
the hot lava. I ascended out of the crater 
at the South-west, or small end, over two 
steep banks of scorie and two ledges of 
rock, and returned by the West side to 
my tent, having thus walked quite round 
this mighty crater. The evening was 
foggy ; I took some cooling medicine, and 
lay down early to rest. 
Saturday, January the 25th.—I slept 
profoundly till two A,m., when, as not a 
speck could be seen in the horizon, and 
the moon was unusually bright, I rose with 
the intention of making some lunar obser- 
vations, but though the thermometer stood 
at 415, still the keen mountain-breeze af- 
fected me so much, of course mainly ow- 
ing to the fatigue and heat I had suffered 
the day before, that I was reluctantly 
obliged to relinquish the attempt, and be- 
ing unable to settle again to sleep, I re- 
(for they were on the 
North bank, just below my tent), that he 
coughed incessantly the whole 
complained of cold, thou 
MR. DOUGLAS’ VOYAGE FROM THE COLUMBIA TO THE 
cold, heat, nor the roaring of the volcano — 
at all disturbed his repose. oom 
Leaving the charge of my papers and 
collections under the special care of one 
individual, and giving plenty of provision — 
for twelve days to the rest, consisting of — 
one quarter of pork, with poe and (aro,] - 
started for-Kapupala soon after eight A.M. | 
The path struck off for two miles in a 
North- West direction, to avoid the rugged 
lava and ashes on the West flank of Mouna | 
Roa, still it was indescribably difficult ii 
many places, as the lava rose in great 
masses, some perpendicular, others lying 
horizontal, in fact with every variation 
form and situation. In other parts the 
walking was pretty good, over grassy un- - 
dulating plains, clothed with a healthy 
sward, and studded here and there with 
Maurarii Trees in full blossom, a beautiful 
tree, much resembling the English Labur- 1 
num. As I withdrew from the volcano m - 
order to obtain a good general view of the As 
country lying South and betwixt me and 
the sea, I ascertained the western ridge or 
verge of the volcano to be decidedly the à 
most elevated of the table land: and s 
narrow valley lies to the West of it, A 1 
low ridge runs from the mountain, south- ; 
ward, to the sea, terminating at the South ; 
end, in a number of craters, of various — 
form and extent. West of this low ridge j 
between the gentle ascent of grassy B 
on Mouna Roa there is a space of five v + 
seven miles in breadth to the Cm x 
charge from the Great Volcano, where $ — 
falls into the ocean at Kapu RAO 
present aspect of the crater leads me © 
think that there has been no ‘ i 
of the lava for years: the discharge 15 ©" i 
dently from the subterranean eme : 
In 1822, the Islanders say there gps i 
great discharge in this direction. Among 
the grassy undulating ground are n R 
agnitude, from forty 
caves, some of great magni - 
to sixty-five feet high, and from hin 
forty feet broad, many of them of great 
length, like gigantic arches, and v angles 
ged. These generally run at right us 
with the dome of Mouna Roa and the 
Some of these natural tunnels - 
ee 
