58 ARBOR LOW EXCAVATIONS IN 1 90 1 AND [902. 



these arrow-heads were in use at about the same period, 

 suggesting that these forms were probably contemporaneous in 

 this district. Under these circumstances, this kite-shaped 

 arrow-head might be regarded as a development of the typical 

 leaf and lozenge-shaped forms, made about the same time as 

 the barbed and tanged specimen, which latter, as a type, is 

 considered to be a late development in the art of the manu- 

 facture of the stone arrow-head ; although stems are known 

 to have been developed in the Palaeolithic Age.* 



Excavations through the Vallum. 



In continuation of Section 2 across the fosse a cutting, 

 10 feet (3-05 m.) wide, was made through the vallum. This 

 point was chosen as the vallum was rather low here and 

 consequently would not entail so much labour. No relics 

 were found in this cutting, except a doubtfully-artificial stone 

 scraper picked up on the old surface line (" 4 " on plan, 

 and plate V.).f The absence of relics in this section was 

 very disappointing. The cutting, however, was of value in 

 showing the material out of which the vallum was constructed. 

 (See photograph of the cutting, plate VIII.) Measuring from 

 the crest of the rampart downwards, the soils, etc., occurred 

 as follows: (1) turf and turf-mould, 0-5 foot (15 cm.); (2) 

 rough pieces of thin-bedded limestone mixed with a little 

 mould, 33 feet (98 cm.) ; (3) band of small pieces of chert 

 with a little mould, 0-3 foot (9 cm.) ; (4) yellowish-brown 

 clayey mould, 0-5 foot (15 cm.); (5) "old surface line" of 

 dark brown mould, 0-3 foot (9 cm.) ; (6) light yellowish-brown 

 sand. 



Like Section 2 of 1901, the section through the vallum in 

 continuation of Section 4 yielded no relics, but proved of 

 interest, inasmuch as it was largely composed of huge boulders 

 of limestone, maximum length 4 feet (1-22 m.), as shown in 



* Journal of the Anthropological Institute, xxxiii. 52, 54. 



t The surface of chert does not seem lo alter as flint does from exposure and 

 age ; consequently it is often difficult, if not impossible, to decide whether 

 certain fractures are ancient or quite recent. 



