158 OLD ENGLISH VILLAGE LIFE. 



Danish names ending in " by " are Bretby, Denby, and Ingleby. 

 Denby, the settlement of the Danes, speaks for itself. Ingleby, 

 facing Barrow, points to a strong Angle settlement, which the 

 Danes had conquered, and had left, it may be, in the possession 

 of its lands and old-time privileges. Normanton across the 

 moor, almost opposite to Ingleby, is a typical settlement of these 

 Northmen; and the very names, Ingleby and Normanton, throw- 

 ing out, as it were, a challenge to each other, point to that 

 mixture of races — -Angles, Saxons, Danes, Norwegians — who 

 were to occupy the soil, and to become, after a later Norman 

 influence had been brought to bear upon them, the Englishmen 

 of the future. 



Coming to the Norman Conquest, we find that, after the first 

 shock, it quickened the tendencies which were already at work. 

 The manorial system was, therefore, still further developed. 

 The Domesday account of Barrow throws a clear light upon the 

 industrial situation. The following are the brief records : — Under 

 the lordship of Henry de Ferrers we are told, " At Barwe Godwine 

 and Colegrim had three oxgangs* and a half of land to be taxed. 

 It is waste. One villein has there four oxgangs and eight acres 

 of meadow. In the time of the Confessor it was assessed at 

 thirteen shillings and fourpence, but now (1086) at two shil- 

 lings." Again, under the lordship of Ralph FitzHerbert, "At 

 Barewe are twelve oxgangs of land to be taxed. In socage to 

 Mileburne. There are a priest, and a church, and one socage 

 tenant, with half a carucatef and eighteen acres of meadow." 

 " At Twiforde and Steintune," under De Ferrers' lordship, we 

 are told, " Levric had four carucates of land to be taxed. 

 (Other) land three carucates. Now there are in lordship two 

 carucates and four villeins and four bondsmen with one carucale 

 and one mill at five shillings and twenty-four acres of meadow; 

 woods, and pasture a quarter of a mile long by one broad. In 

 the time of the Confessor they were assessed at ^8, but now al 

 £4. In the same place Godwine and Ulfstan have one carucale 

 of land to be taxed. One carucate is waste." 



* An oxgang was fifteen acres. 



t A carucate was as much land as a team of eight oxen could plough in 

 a year, viz., 120 acres or eight oxgangs (the long hundred). 



