ROMAN BROUGH : = ANAV*IO. J 8 1 



is not known, and necessarily varied in different places. To 

 judge from inscriptions, a cohort or a Wing (ala) of auxiliaries 

 commonly constituted the garrison. 



The defensive works themselves might be an earthen rampart, 

 a mound with stakes along its top, a mound as revetment to a 

 wall, or a stout double-faced wall without earthworks, and the 

 whole might be surrounded by a ditch or series of ditches. The 

 corners were uniformly rounded and covered by mural or 

 abutting towers upon the inside. In the later fortresses the 

 wall is high, the towers external, and there is no ditch; but this 

 change of character is not of interest in the present connection 

 and hence will be neglected. The shape was regular and 

 rectangular, being square or oblong according to size, for these 

 northern forts group themselves roughly into two classes : square 

 enclosures of three or four acres in area and oblong enclosures 

 of five or six acres. In the former case the gates are in the 

 middle of the sides, in the latter in the middle of the shorter 

 sides, and symmetrically at a point one-third along the length of 

 the longer sides. In some instances there is a second gate 

 along those sides at a point two-thirds along the long sides, 

 which otherwise is the position of a guard chamber. The gates 

 were each flanked by towers on either side communicating with 

 one another by means of the sentry-walk which passed, at the 

 level of their upper storeys, along and around the ramparts. 



In the interior, the best position, facing the centre, was allotted 

 to a building conveniently, but not quite accurately, called the 

 Praetorium, in which were presumably the offices of the divisional 

 commander and his staff. It consisted generally of a number of 

 rooms, fronting on to, or even surrounding, an open or partly 

 open court. On one side of this building was commonly a 

 granary; and the whole interior of the fort was symmetrically 

 occupied by rows of buildings. In some cases these, like the 

 pratorium, were of stone ; in others, it would seem, they were 

 less durably constructed, as the numerous signs of wooden piles 

 and the absence of stone-work observed in some excavations 

 seem to testify. 



