ROMAN BROUGH :=ANAVIO. 201 



I venture to think that the Brough slab takes Verus quite 

 out of the Mural region, and that the operations of Lollius 

 lay too far to the north to affect the Brigantes. It must be 

 remembered that this latter tribe did not extend any serious 

 distance north of Hadrian's Wall, and Lollius was at work 

 on the Clyde and Firth of Forth. 



II. 

 THE ROMANO-BRITISH NAME OF BROUGH. 





HE question of the Romano-British name of Brough 

 is two-fold. We have to determine the ancient name 

 of the site ; we have also to decide between rival 

 ways of spelling that name. The first half of the 

 problem was successfully solved in 1876 by Mr. W. T. Watkin, 

 who equated Brough with Navio (Archceological Journal, 

 xxxiii., 49) ; the second part has been solved since by the 

 recognition that the name which Watkin spelt Navio is 

 properly Anavio. Neither Watkin nor anyone else, so far as 

 I know, has stated the full evidence for these conclusions, and 

 it may be convenient to attempt to state it here. 



(1) The lower part of a Roman milestone in local grit, 

 found in 1862 at Silverlands, Higher Buxton, records a distance 

 of 10 (or possibly 12) miles ANAVIONE. These letters may 

 be equally well interpreted either as a Navionc, " from Navio," 

 or as Anavione " (from) Navio," with the preposition under- 

 stood. Epigraphically, either phrase is possible, and the 

 milestone, therefore, does not tell us whether the name in 

 question is Navio or Anavio. But it does tell us that a place 

 called by one or other of these names was 10 miles from 

 Roman Buxton. In which direction this place lay, whether 

 north, south, east, or west, we do not learn, but we can guess. 

 The spot where the stone was found, Silverlands, is a little 

 south of the supposed Roman baths, noted in the seventeenth 

 and eighteenth centuries, but it has lately yielded various 



