ROMAN BROUGH :=ANAVIO. 203 



is a Derbyshire Derwent, and the Anava may also be a Derby- 

 shire river. We may put it near Anavio, and suppose that its 

 name survives in the present name of the stream which flows 

 past Brough and into the Derwent, the Noe.* 



(4) Lastly, the Ravennas also mentions (430, 5) a place 

 Nanione ; so the manuscripts read, though some printed 

 editions wrongly give Navionc. Here, again, the context gives 

 no proper clue to the situation. But the next place named 

 is Aquis : that may well be Buxton, and then we may take 

 Nanione to be a mistake for Anavione. The manuscripts of 

 the Ravennas not seldom omit initial letters of names, and 

 the confusion of u and n is easy. 



It results that the name of Brough was Anavio, and the 

 name of the Noe, which washes it, was Anava. The name 

 is doubtless Keltic. The stem recurs in other Keltic names, 

 and is said to denote music or harmony. But whether Ave 

 should take Anavio to be the place of Anavus, or Anava to 

 be the musically babbling brook, I will leave others to decide. 

 And Professor Rhys whom I have consulted on the etymology 

 is equally anxious to pronounce no verdict. 



NOTE ON THE REMAINS FOUND AT BROUGH. 



By William Boyd Dawkins, M.A., D.Sc, E.R.S., E.S.A., 

 F.G.S., Professor of Geology, Victoria University of Manchester. 



HESE bones are obviously from a refuse accumu- 

 lation, and represent the animals which were used 

 for food, " with the solitary exception of the dog," 

 by the inhabitants of Brough. 

 The most abundant remains are those of the domestic 

 shorthorn, Bos longifrons, most of which were killed and eaten 

 when they were full-grown. None belonged to young calves. 



* Holder, Muller (Ptolemy) and Hiibner suggest the Annan (which Holder 

 actually puts in France), but this has no warrant. 



