January 30, 1889.] 



Garden and Forest 



49 



GARDEN AND FOREST. 



PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY 



THE GARDEN AND FOREST PUBLISHING CO. 



Office : Tribune Building, New York. 



Conducted by Professor C. S. Sargent. 



ENTERED AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER AT THE POST OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. Y. 



INEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 30, 1889. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Editorial Articles: — The Nation's Forests. — Concerning; Elizabethan Archi- 

 tecture. — Alexander Hamilton's Trees on Washington Heights 49 



White Huckleberries Professor IV. G. Farlow. 50 



Japanese Gardening. I Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer. 51 



New OR Little Known Plants:— BerberisThunbergii (with illustrations). C 5. S. 52 

 Cultural Department: — The Propagation ofRhododendron maximum, 



F. L. Temple. 52 



The Fruit Garden Dr. T. H. Hoskins. 54 



Orch id Notes F. Goldring. 54 



Ostrcnvskia niagnifica ; Senecio Ghiesbreghtii W. Watson. 55 



Principles of Physiological Botany. V Professor George Lincoln Goodale. 56 



The Forest: — The Forests and Woodlands of New Jersey. \\\...y.B. Harrison. 57 

 Annual Meeting of the Western New York Horticultural Society. — The 



Chautauqua Vineyards A. S. Watson. 58 



Fertilizers Professor Caldwell and JosepluHarris. 58 



Fungus Diseases of Plants Professor A. N. Prentiss. 59 



The Cultivation of the Plum for Market S. D. Willard. 59 



Canning and Evaporating Fruit 5. G. Curtice and M. J. Doyle. 59 



New Vegetables E. S. Goff. 59 



Notes 60 



Illu.strations : — Berberis Thunbergii, Fig. 90 53 



Berberis Thunbergii, Fig. 91 55 



The Nation's Forests. 



THE first step in the effort to provide for the conservation 

 of the forests on the national domain should be the 

 vi^ithdrawal from sale of all forest-lands belonging to the na- 

 tion. It will not be necessary to preserve and maintain all 

 these forests permanently, but the extent of forest-territory 

 which will be required by a practical plan of forest-preserva- 

 tion andmanagement for our Western mountain regions can- 

 not be at once precisely determined. A thorough exami- 

 nation of these regions, and of the agricultural country 

 depending upon them for its water supply, will be neces- 

 sary, in order to show what forests must be retained, and 

 what tracts of tirnber can be put upon the market without 

 injury to the important interests involved. Until such an 

 examination has been made, none of the forest-lands now 

 belonging to the United States should be sold. 



The second step should be to coinmit to the United 

 States army the care and guardianship of the forests belong- 

 ing to the nation. There is in time of peace no other work 

 of national defense or protection so important as this which 

 the army can perform, and it is plain that under existing 

 conditions the forests on the national domain will not be — 

 indeed cannot be — adequately guarded and protected by 

 any other means. The measures which have been tried, 

 including those now in operation, or nominally in opera- 

 tion, have proved almost entirely ineffective. The forests 

 on the public lands are pillaged by settlers, and by the 

 employees of railroad and mining companies, without 

 scruple or limit. Other instruments will have to be em- 

 ployed if the forests are to be preserved. Their complete 

 and tinal destruction, with that of the soil which sustains 

 them, is, under the present system, or want of system, only 

 a question of time, and of a very shoit time. 



The officers of the United States army are educated by 

 the nation for its service, and they constitute a body of men 

 not equaled by any other in our country in their equip- 

 ment for guarding and protecting the great forest-regions 

 belonging to the nation. They possess every kind of fit- 

 ness for this work in greater degree than any other class of 

 men, and if authorized by law to undertake this service 



they would have the power and the means necessary for 

 its performance, while everybody else is at present inevit- 

 ably powerless and incapable. As there is likely to be very 

 little work for the army hereafter in the care of the Indians, 

 it will be available for this service of guarding the national 

 forests. The work can be done well by the army, and it 

 would cost nothing, or very little, while any other plan 

 would necessarily be both ineffective and costly. This 

 guardianship and defense of the nation's forests by the 

 army of the nation should be continued and maintained 

 until a sufficient number of adequately trained and equip- 

 ped foresters has been provided by the national govern- 

 ment for the administration of a complete and permanent 

 system and policj;' for the management of the forests on 

 the public domain. 



This brings us to consider the third step. This should 

 be the appointment, by the President, of a Commission to 

 make a thorough examination of the condition of the for- 

 ests belonging to the nation, and of their relation to the 

 agricultural interests of the regions through which the 

 streams flow which have their sources in these forests, and 

 to report, with the facts observed, a comprehensive plan 

 for the preservation and management of the public forests, 

 including a system for the training, by the government, of 

 a sufficient number of foresters for the national forest 

 service. 



The Commission should determine what portions of the 

 existing forests on the public domain should be perma- 

 nently preserved, and in what manner the remainder 

 should be disposed of. The national forests can be so 

 managed that they will be perpetually reproduced, and 

 will yield forever an abundant supply of timber for the in- 

 habitants of the adjacent country, and a revenue which 

 will more than sustain the cost of the forest service. A 

 National School of Forestry should be established at a suit- 

 able place in one of the great mountain forests on the pub- 

 lic lands, and its equipment should be as thorough and 

 adequate for its purpose as is that of the National Military 

 Academy at West Point. 



THE "Ehzabethan home" has long been a synonym 

 in American ears for all that is most beautiful in do- 

 mestic architecture, and, at the same time, most comfort- 

 able and home-like. But exact observation and clear 

 judgment have less to do with this feeling than traditional 

 sentiment and the reports of tourists enchanted by the pic- 

 turesque accessories of English country dwellings. The 

 following description — quoted from the pages of the 

 American Architect ajid Building News, where a recent ad- 

 dress by the English architect, Mr. J. A. Gotch, is dis- 

 cussed — gives a more exact idea of Elizabethan architecture 

 than those that are commonly presented to us. 



"In planning these homes nearly everything was sacrificed 

 to show. People who lived contentedly with their dogs in 

 rooms carpeted with rushes, which were changed once a 

 week, could hardly be expected to be very squeamish in re- 

 gard to niceties of arrangement, and it is common to find the 

 bedrooms opening from each other after the fashion of a New 

 York tenement-house, witliout any corridor for reaching them 

 separately, while in some very magnificent mansions the suites 

 of rooms allotted to visitors could only be reached from the 

 reception-rooms by crossing the court, which, it is needless to 

 say, had no provision for sheltering from the rain or snow the 

 festal clothes of the persons who walked tlirough it. So incon- 

 veniently planned, according to our notions, arc the Eliza- 

 bethan mansions in this respect, that they can hardly be used 

 at all by a modern family. One or two of them have been re- 

 modeled by the rather heroic treatment of building a corridor 

 around the court-yard, like a cloister, so as to reach the farther 

 bedrooms without going through all the others, but this dark- 

 ens half the windows.besides spoiling the court In other 

 cases a portion of the house has been rebuilt, at a great ex- 

 pense, according to our ideas, but most of the Elizabethan 

 palaces, splendid as they once were, have been allowed to go 

 to ruin, simply from the impossibility of utilizing them for a 

 modern family without very costly alterations. Even the re- 

 ception-rooms, magnificent as they are, accord ill with the 



