256 



Garden and Forest. 



[May 29, 1889. 



Fig] 109. — Tilia platyphyllos. Scop. 



It is widely distributed through central and southern Eu- 

 rope, and is a southern rather than a northern tree, although, 

 according to Dr. Bolle, who has favored me with some in- 

 teresting notes upon European Lindens, it occurs sparingly 

 in Denmark, western Sweden (where he has found it form- 

 ing small groves on several islands in the neighborhood of 

 Stromstad), in Poland, and eastward as far as the Ural 

 Mountains. It is the "Grossblatterige Linde " of the Ger- 

 mans. This tree appears to have been a favorite with Le 

 Notre, who planted it largely at Versailles, and it is the tree 

 which forms the clipped alleys in the garden of the Tuil- 

 leries in Paris. It is not very often seen in this country. 



Tilia platyphyllos has produced more varieties than the 

 other species, either from a greater tendency to sport, or 

 because it has been cultivated longer and more gener- 

 ally. Ten or fifteen varieties, of no particular value, are 

 met with in nurseries, the most distinct, perhaps, being T. 

 viiifolia, T. asplenifolia and T, coryli/olia. 



2. Tilia vulgaris, Hayne. Young shoots and petioles glab- 

 rous; leaves ample, three and a half to four and a half inches 

 long by three to four inches broad, thin, cordate or often 

 oblique at the base, sharply serrate, green on both surfaces, 

 and quite naked, with the exception of the tufts of pale hairs 

 on the lower surface in the axils of the principal veins ; fruit 

 oval or sometimes nearly round, coated with dense, short 

 tomentum, the shell thick and tough. 



This is the ''Zwischenlinde" of Karl Koch, and it is often 

 called the Dutch Linden from the fact that it was early 

 and largely propagated in Dutch nurseries. It appears to 

 be the largest of the European Lindens, and the most gen- 

 erally cultivated, although the least frequently seen in a 

 wild state. Nyman credits it to the countries of central 

 and south-eastern Europe; but Dr. Bolle writes, "I can only 

 remember to have seen this tree once myself growing 



wild — a single specimen in the rocky chasm 

 of the Virga Valley, near Botzen, in the Tyrol, 

 where it seemed to be growing spontaneously. 

 If its native locality is doubtful, however, it 

 is certain that it has been cultivated as a park 

 and avenue tree for nearly three centuries. 

 The rows of trees which have been planted 

 in our cities since the seventeenth century 

 are comprised, almost without exception, of 

 this species." It is the Tilia vulgaris which 

 gives its name to the most famous street in 

 Berlin, and which is so often seen in English 

 parks and gardens; and it is the species — so 

 far as I have been able to observe — which 

 has been planted the most frequently in the 

 United States. The old, and sometimes very 

 large, Lindens which are still found in the 

 suburbs of Boston and New York belong to 

 this species, which is the one commonly 

 planted on Boston Common. It flowers 

 here during the last week of June, or nearly 

 ten days later than 2'ilia platyphyllos. 



3. Tilia ulmifolia, Scop. Young shoots and 

 petioles glabrous; leaves small, two to two and 

 a half inches long by nearly as much broad, thin 

 sub-rotund or cordate at the base, sharply and 

 minutely serrate, green on the upper, pale, or 

 often nearly white, on the lower surface, which 

 is conspicuously marked with large tufts of 

 rusty brown hairs in the axils of the principal 

 veins; fruit oval, obovate, or sometimes nearly 

 round, the tomentum with more scattered and 

 longer hairs than in that of the last species, 

 the shell very thin, papery and brittle. 



I retain for this species Scopoli's name 

 of T. ulmifolia because it is the oldest (1772). 

 The leaves, however, do not resemble those 



Tilia vulgaris, Hayne. 



