June 26, 1889.] 



Garden and Forest. 



307 



in perfection. The variety Majus is distinguished by its 

 stronger inflorescence, and this is developed earlier in the 

 season than that of the type. 



Kenwood, N. Y. t- Goldritlg. 



Spraying Fruit-trees. 



'X'HE most important accession to recent horticultural prac- 

 -'■ tice is the spraying of fruit-trees with arsenical poisons for 

 the destruction of various insects. No orchardist can afford 

 to neglect this practice. The codlin-moth, curclio, canker- 

 worm, tent-caterpillar and other insects are destroyed by this 

 operation, and sometimes three or more species are killed by 

 the same application. Experience has shown the best methods 

 of applying the poisons, and we now know that tlie essential 

 points of the operation are to use a very dilute mixture, and 

 to apply it with great thoroughness. London Purple, when 

 pure, is better than Paris Green, and is cheaper. A pound of 



pump and one to drive and hold the hose is a profitable outfit. 

 With such an outfit two men can spray from 250 to 300 Apple- 

 trees, thirty years old, in about half a day. Pear-trees are 

 treated in the same manner as Apple-trees. The mixing of 

 tiour with London Purple, in order to make the poison stick to 

 the leaves, does not appear to meet with much favor among 

 practical men. L. H. Bailey. 



Cornell University. 



Heating Green-houses. — At the recent Convention of Ameri- 

 can Nurserymen Mr. Peter Henderson read a paper on this 

 subject, from which we make the following extracts : 



"In my judgment, when the range of glass is sufficient to 

 justify the employment of a night watchman, say 50,000 square 

 feet, steam has several advantages over hot water, chief of 

 which are the exact regulation of temperature, which can be 

 obtained by close attention, consequent economy of fuel, and 

 the convenience of placing the heating furnaces all at one 





4^:^B^ 



A Japanese Garden. — See page 302. 



the London Purple to 250 or 300 gallons of water is sufficient. 

 Apply it until the liquid drips from the foliage in all parts of 

 the tree. The apparatus should be such thatthe liquid will be 

 driven with great force in a fine spray. A gallon of liquid will 

 cover an Apple-tree twenty-five or thirty years of age. 



A single spraying of Apple-trees, if the operation is not 

 immediately succeeded by heavy rains, is usually sufficient, 

 although a second application is always advantageous. Two 

 or three applications should be made upon Plums, Cherries and 

 Peaches, and I have met growers who make as many as five 

 applications. Even five 'applications are much cheaper and 

 easier than any other method of destroying the curclio, and 

 the practice is much mo-re effective. In young and open 

 orchards the spraying can be well done with a machine which 

 works from the wagon-wheel, but in large and thick orchards 

 — those most in need of treatment — the operator must stop at 

 each tree if the work is to be thoroughly done. A tank or 

 cask upon a wagon, a pump with much power, one man to 



point. For example : We have a range of glass where the ex- 

 treme point is about 600 feet away from the Ijoilers ; it would 

 hardly be practicable to heat by hot water at that distance. 

 And yet for all medium and small-sized green-house establish- 

 ments, whether for commercial or private purposes, we recom- 

 mend the use of hot water. The size of the green-house or 

 green-houses to be heated must determine the capacity of the 

 boiler wanted ; but the boiler being properly apportioned to 

 the length of pipe, the following data from our own establish- 

 ment, where the houses are^ twenty feet wide and 100 feet long, 

 may be ueeful: When a night temperature of seventy de- 

 grees is required in the coldest weather, ten rows of four-inch 

 pipe, five on each side, are used; when sixty degrees are 

 wanted, eight rows of pipe, lour on each side ; when fifty de- 

 grees are wanted, six rows of l'>ipe ; and when only thirty-five 

 or forty degrees are wanted, four rows of pipe. This is for 

 the latitude of New York City, where the temperature rarely 

 falls lower than ten degrees below zero. Latitudes north or 



