332 



• Garden and Forest. 



[July io, 1889. 



drier soil. Just wliat this plant needs to keep it in culti- 

 vation we have never been able to ascertain. During the 

 past few days I have found whole colonies of Pogonia ophio- 

 glossoides and Calopogon pulchelliis, the former noticeable for 

 its exquisite sweetness and the richly-marked lip, while the 

 Calopogon could be distinguished at a long distance by its pur- 

 ple flowers, an inch and a half in diameter. If these two 

 plants were exotics how they would be sought and appreciated. 

 The same may be said of Cypripediiim spectabile. This plant 

 is found near Lake Hopatcong, and is said to be quite plenti- 

 ful, though we never had the good fortune to find more than a 

 few plants. Habeitaria fivibriata, H. virescens and H. lacera 

 are now in Hower. The two latter have inconspicuous green 

 Howers, and are often passed by unseen. In July and August 

 the orange-colored H. ciliaris will be at is best. I shall never 

 forget the impression made by the tirst glimpse of a swamp of 

 many acres tinged over with the bright golden-yellow of the 

 Fringed Orchis. The plants were found growing literally by 

 the thousand, and showed considerable variation in the color 

 of their tfowers. H. trideiitata and H. psycodes are also found 

 at the same place and time. I have seen quantities of Arethnsa 

 bulbosa that were collected near here in New Jersey, but tried 

 in vain to learn the locality, and although it is quite plentiful in 

 some parts of the state, it has never been my good fortune to 

 find it. Last year I found one plant of Habeitaria rotiindifolia, 

 which is rarely seen so far south. This year I sought it 

 again, having carefully noted the spot, but it was gone. Some 

 zealous collector had probably found it and taken it away. 



Passaic, N.J. 0. 



Scabiosa Caucasica is a first-rate hardy perennial, with beau- 

 tiful flowers of a tine shade of blue, and should be more com- 

 rnonly grown. Frequent complaints are made that it is a 

 difficult plant to establish, but with proper care it will grow 

 vigorously in any deep border. Probably the failures result 

 usually from careless shifting of seedlings, which, even in a 

 young stage, have a long tap furnished at the lower end with 

 fine feeding roots, which one is apt to strip off if not careful in 

 breaking out of the seed-bed, the result of which is total failure 

 of the plants to grow in their new quarters. It is well in plant- 

 ing seeds of this plant to use a good depth— say six inches — of 

 light soil, so that the fine roots may have full run and be 

 readily lifted without stripping. 



Tridax bicolor, var. rosea is a pretty new composite intro- 

 duced to cultivation in 1888 from north-eastern Mexico. It is 

 a half-hardy annual, forming a neat, erect, much-branched 

 bush about two feet high. The flower heads are borne well 

 above the ovate foliage singly on long footstalks, and are from 

 half an inch to one and three-quarter inches in diameter, of a 

 pleasing- rose color, the disk florets being yellow. It is very 

 floriferous, continuing in bloom till frost. The typical T. bi- 

 color has the ray florets pure white. 



Border Carnation, Paul Engelheart, is a variety discovered in 

 a cottage garden by the well-known amateur, Mr. Engelheart, 

 and introduced last year. It is a very vigorous variety, with 

 strong, wide leaves, the flowers being of a rich shade of deep 

 crimson, fragrant and plentiful, borne on stout, erect stems, 

 only eight to nine inches high, and requiring no stakes, a merit 

 which will be appreciated by any one who has had to do with 

 garden Carnations, which are mostly of lanky growth, and if 

 imstaked or staked are usually equally unsightly. Among the 

 series of Carnations in my border this neat dwarf variety is 

 certainly the most sightly and satisfactory. It is to be hoped 

 that we may be able to secure other colors with some habit. 



Elizabeth, N. J. J. N. Gerard. 



Notes from the Arnold Arboretum. 



COME of the small-fruited Vines are attractive and useful 

 ^ ornamental plants. There are three east-Asiatic species 

 found in gardens in this country, although they are not at all 

 well known, and there is everywhere, judging from the differ- 

 ent names under which these plants have been sent to the 

 Arboretum from European gardens, the greatest confusion 

 about their names, which are often interchanged. 



The first of the three species to be considered is Ampelopsis 

 heterophylla. This is a widely distributed, but not very va- 

 riable, plant from Manchuria, Mongolia, and through China 

 to_ Japan. It is a vigorous and hardy climber. The stems at- 

 tain here a height of ten or twelve feet or more, with ovate or 

 slightly-lobed leaves, or sometimes deeply three or five-lobed 

 with deep, broad sinuses, the bases rounded, cordate or almost 

 truncate. They are smooth above ; the under surface of the 

 mid-rib and primary veins covered with stout hairs. The 

 flower-cymes are corymbose, long-stemmed and widely 



branched. The fruit is the size of a pea and bright blue when 

 ripe. 



■ There is a Japanese variety with variegated foliage, often 

 found in gardens, imder the name of Vitis Sieboldli. This is 

 the V. elegatis of Koch, and the V. viniferafoliis variegatis of 

 Neubert. The leaves of this form have deep, broad sinuses. 

 The north China variety with slightly lobed leaves, somewhat 

 cordate at the base or those near the end of the stems, with 

 three or five broad lobes, is Ampelopsis hiimiilifolia of Bunge, 

 figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 5,682. It is the Vitis Reg- 

 eliana and the V. orientalis of Hort. Kew; at least plants of 

 this species have Ijeen sent to the Arboretum from Kew under 

 these names. 



The second species is Ampelopsis serjanicefolia. This is a 

 very distinct and ornamental species, easily recognized by the 

 broad wmgs on the leaf-stalk between the leaflets. It is a 

 native of north China and Japan, and has been described 

 under half a dozen different names. It has smooth, rather 

 slender branches climbing here eight or ten feet high, palm- 

 ately five- (or rarely three-) foliolate leaves, with narrow, tri- 

 lobed and incisely cut leaflets, dark green and lustrous on the 

 upper and somewhat paler on the lower surface. The cymes 

 are dichotomously divided, and the fruit is small, the size and 

 shape of a pea, pale violet-blue with darker blue spots. It is 

 the Cissiis viticifolia of Siebold and Zuccarini, the Vitis penta- 

 phylla of Miquel and the Ampelopsis napcefcrmis and tuberosa 

 of Carriere. 



The third species, Ampelopsis ■aconitifolia, of north China 

 and Mongolia, may be distinguished from all the Vines of east- 

 ern Asia by its nankin-colored fruit. It is a slender plant, 

 with three to five-lobed leaves, which are often divided into 

 three to five palmately disposed leaflets. The leaves are 

 cuneate at the base, sharply and imequally dentate, dark green 

 and glabrous on the upper surface ; the lo\\'er paler and hairy 

 on the mid-rib and primary veins. The cymes are long- 

 stemmed and several times dichotomously branched. The 

 fruit, rather larger than a pea, is nankin-colored. 



There is a form in which the leaflets are divided into narrow, 

 acuminate lobes, which is as hardy and even more ornamental 

 than that with broader leaflets. It is the A. dissecta of Carriere; 

 and it is this variety upon which, according to Panchon, in 

 the Monographs of DeCandoUe (v. 2, 459) the species was 

 first established by Bunge, and which was found by the Abbe 

 David in Mongolia. 



Cissits Japonica, a native of Japan, the East Indies and 

 Australia, with immense tuberous roots, and annual stems 

 climbing four or five feet high, has stood uninjured in the 

 open ground during the past winter, and appears to be per- 

 fectly hardy. It is rather a botanical curiosity than an orna- 

 mental garden-plant. 



Two of the small-fruited North American Vines are admira- 

 ble garden plants also. Ampelopsis indivisa is the species most 

 commonly found in gardens. It is a high-climbing, glabrous 

 vine with ample, heart-shaped, coarsely-serrate, rather thin 

 leaves, and small, loose panicles of small flowers ; the fruit 

 about the size of a pea. It is a common plant along the 

 banks of streams from \'irginia and the Ohio southward, 

 where its graceful branches may be seen draping tall trees 

 and hanging down over the water. It is perfectly hardy here, 

 and perhaps the best plant of its class in this climate. 



Ampelopsis bipinnata is a more ornamental species, with 

 twice pinnate or ternate leaves, the leaflets sharply cut-toothed 

 and small obovate fruit. It is a more southern plant than 

 the last and is not, unfortunately,-quite hardy here, although 

 in the neighborhood of New York it succeeds admirably. 

 Less vigorous than A. indivisa, it is rather inclined to be 

 shrubby in its habit of growth. 



Clematis Eriostemon is one of the hardiest and most satisfac- 

 tory plants of this genus here. It produces long, woody 

 stems destitute of tendrils, someflmes eight or ten feet long. 

 The stem leaves are pinnate, with three pairs of lateral, entire, 

 oval, three-nerved leaflets, and a terminal leaflet often lobed 

 and long petioled. The leaves on the flowering shoots are 

 sessile, simple and entire. The dark-blue flowers are long- 

 peduncled, about three inches across, and appear in succes- 

 sion during two or three months in the greatest pi'ofusion, 

 completely covering, sometimes, the plant from a point near 

 the ground to the extremities of the stems. The origin of this 

 charming plant, which was first described under this name by 

 Decaisne in \h& Revue Horticole, 1852, p. 341, with portrait, is 

 entirely unknown. M. Lavall^e, who introduced an excellent 

 figure of it in his " Les Cl^matites a Grande Fleurs," suggests 

 that it is, perhaps, of American origin, but this is hardly pos- 

 sible. It is an old inhabitant of gardens, where it has been 

 cultivated as C. Hendersoni, C. Chandleri and C. Poizati. In 



