34B 



Garden and Forest. 



[July 17, li 



Notes. 



Syrtnga Pekincnsis lAowereA this 'year in the Arnold Arbo- 

 retum probably for the trrst time in cultivation. 



The flower of the giant Amorphophallus, described in 

 another column of this issue, remained open but a single day, 

 when the expanded spathe again closed about the spadix. 



In regard to the hardiness of Heuchera sangiiinea, Mr. A. H. 

 Fevvkes, of Newton Highlands, Massachusetts, reports that it 

 passed the winter safely in his border. It made stout plants 

 in rather light soil, flowenng freely. It received the usual 

 covering of leaves given to other plants in the same border. 



Market-gardeners in England sometimes add to their profits 

 by cultivating hardy flowers among their vegetables. For 

 example, in a Cornish market-garden recently described in 

 the Gardeners' Chronicle, a growing demand for Wallflowers 

 had induced the owner to plant four acres of them, on ground 

 the first duty of which was to produce Potatoes. As soon as 

 the Potato crop is up the young Wallflower plants are in- 

 serted, " much in the same way as Broccoli and Mangels 

 were planted a few years ago." 



Koelreuterias are blooming most abundantly this year and 

 it is noticeable that on some trees the flowers are of a much 

 brighter yellow than they are on others. There is a marked 

 difference, too, in the time of flowering in different individuals 

 — some being ten days earlier than others. Any well grown 

 Koelreuteria is a striking object when in full flower and these 

 trees have an especial interest from the fact that they are 

 covered with showy flowers after the great majority of trees 

 and shrubs are past their bloom. 



The Prairie Rose (R. setigera) is slowly finding its way into 

 American gardens and few persons see its corymbs of large, 

 deep rose-colored flowers without feeling that it is superior to 

 the double flowered climbing roses, like Queen of the Prairies, 

 which have originated from it. It is the only American Rose 

 with climbingstems and is one of our most beautiful climbing 

 plants. Its foliage is handsome and less liable than that 

 of the garden hybrids to attacks from insects and its beautiful 

 flowers appear in great abundance after the general Rose 

 season is past. 



In a private letter, Mr. F. L. Temple, of Shady Hill nurseries, 

 now in Europe, states that the most interesting flowers he saw 

 in England were the Pyrethrums, and he was surprised to find 

 that plants so little known and grown at home were, next to 

 the Rose, the most popular ones in English gardens in June. 

 The best double varieties are as good as the finest China 

 Asters in autumn, and they are admirable for cutting. Among 

 the named single varieties, Melton and Mrs. Bateman Brown 

 were noted as the best, while Captain Nares, Mont Blanc, 

 Flora, Haage & Schmidt and M. Barrall were among the finest 

 double sorts. 



Mr. Andrew S. Fuller finds that the green Cabbage-worm is 

 discouraged by the following treatment : Two quarts of coal 

 tar are put into an open vessel which is set in the bottom of a 

 barrel and the barrel is filled with water. In forty-eight hours 

 the water is impregnated with the odor of the tar although the 

 tar is not dissolved in it. The water is then sprinkled abun- 

 dantly on the Cabbages and the odor penetrates every portion 

 of the head, killing or driving away the worms. As the water 

 evaporates no stain nor odor remains on the cabbage. The 

 same quantity of coal tar can be made to impregnate several 

 successive barrels of water. 



The great Rose Shows of England this year have differed 

 altogether in quality from the exhibitions generally held when 

 collections of Hybrid Perpetuals and of the Tea-scented varieties 

 were only to be found. For the late exhibitions, collections 

 were invited of Moss and Provence Roses, of hybrid Chinas, 

 of Bourbons, of Noisettes, of Single Roses "of decorative value," 

 of climbing Roses, of Polyantha Roses and other classes. The 

 season there has been favorable for the production of these 

 flowers so that the display of bloom has been remarkable, while 

 the public interest in all matters relating to Roses and Rose- 

 culture seems to be moi-e profound that it ever was before. 



According to the Pacific Rural Press the cool, moist climate 

 and filled in, sandy soil of San Francisco are peculiarly adapted 

 to the best development of the Fuchsia, which has grown in 

 popularity since the day it was introduced until plants are 

 found thriving in every imlikely nook and corner. On some 

 residence streets there is scarcely a yard or strip of shaded 

 ground which does not boast of beautiful specimens. Door- 

 ways and windows are shaded, stone walls and board fences 

 covered and foundations hidden — in fact, some yards are 

 entirely filled, so that the Fuchsia plays an important part in the 



city's decoration and there are many single specimens there 

 that would do honor to any part of the world. 



In response to a request by the Board of Park Commis- 

 sioners of the City of Omaha, Mr. H. W. S. Cleveland has pre- 

 pared a report upon a system of parks adapted to that city. 

 Mr. Cleveland gives some sound advice as to the desirability 

 of broad, tree-planted avenues or park-ways and of systems of 

 small parks for American cities. It is his counsel, also, that 

 land be secured outside the present business part of the city 

 for a park large enough to furnish the relief of seclusion from 

 city sights and sounds and the refreshment of rural scenery. 

 He considers that for this purpose 500 acres is the smallest 

 area that would be required in one body, and that an equal 

 area will in time be needed for another park in some other 

 direction from the business centre of the city. 



A new disease of the Irish Potato has been discovered by 

 Professor J. Lamson Scribner at the Experiment Station at 

 Knoxville, Tennessee. The disease first appears in numerous 

 small pimples, each surrounded by a slight depression. In 

 advanced stages the pimples and their depressed borders oc- 

 cupy the entire surface of the tubers, which become much 

 shrunken. The skin is broken over the point of the pimples, 

 giving them a grayish color. The Potatoes gradually become 

 reduced in size, dried out of shape, and finally are very dry 

 and hard. The cause of the disease was shown by micro- 

 scopic examination to be thread-worms or nematodes, which 

 were present in great numbers, the largest of them being 

 about one-fiftieth of an inch in length. Nothing is known of 

 the history of this parasitic Potato-eel, so that no remedial 

 treatment can be suggested. Many of tliese parasitic nema- 

 todes pass a period of their existence in the ground, so that it is 

 probable tliat they were introduced into the University farm 

 from infected seed — for an infected tuber would be certain to 

 carry the worms to the new crop, thus perpetuating the disease. 



One of the most interesting of the old homes of America is 

 Dungeness on Cumberland Island which lies off the coast of 

 Georgia just north of the Florida boundary-line. The south- 

 ern portion of the island, together with the estate of Mulberry 

 Grove on the mainland, was presented by the state of Georgia 

 to General Nathaniel Green as a recognition of his services in 

 the Revolutionary War. He resided at Mulberry Grove, but, 

 says a recent writer in the Evenitig Post, he planned a country- 

 house on the island, " laid out the garden which afterwards 

 became so famous for its tropical fruits and flowers, . . . and 

 cut through the forest of Live-oaks those grand avenues which 

 now form the wonder and delight of Dungeness." After he 

 died in 1786, the house itself was built by his widow who sub- 

 sequently married Phineas Miller, of Connecticut, and it be- 

 came her permanent home. Its foundations rested upon an 

 immense shell mound, a relic of Indian habitation, which was 

 levelled to form a terraced base nearly an acre in extent, and 

 it was of great size and dignity, containing some forty 

 rooms. " A wide lawn lay before the house with its shades of 

 Palm and Live-oak. On the south was ap Eden-like retreat — 

 the famous Dungeness garden. It comprised twelve acres 

 enclosed by a massive wall of Coquina and was entirely de- 

 voted to tropical fruits and flowers. The garden fell by ter- 

 races to the creek. On the terrace nearest the house was a 

 luxuriant growth of Crape-myrtle, and Sago Palms. Be- 

 low it was a broad terrace divided by an avenue of Olives. A 

 thick-set hedge of Mock-orange separated this from the lower 

 garden, which was devoted to flowers and in which was a 

 similar avenue of Olives. The garden was more particularly 

 famed for its Roses though all varieties of flowers were culti- 

 vated. East of the garden was an Olive-grove of 800 trees 

 brought from Italy, which attained a flourishing and profitable 

 growth. Beyond, in the broad fields, 400 negroes toiled to 

 raise the Sea Island Cotton and Sugar-cane that yielded the 

 revenues of the estate. If the guests wished to ride there were 

 the long dim avenues of the forest and the eighteen-mile-long 

 beach. If they wished to sail, bright waters that seem es- 

 pecially provided for the yachtsman surrounded them ; to 

 hunt, they found an abundance of bear, deer, wild turkeys 

 and water-fowl in the forest which even now covers much of 

 the island." Dungeness was burned during the Civil War in 

 a Christmas frolic of the negroes who were then in undisputed 

 possession. It lay ruined and deserted for years, but was 

 bought a few years ago, with half the island, by Mr. Thomas 

 Carnegie of Pittsburgh who erected a modern villa on the old 

 site, reclaimed the lawns and gardens from their wildness, 

 and eventually added the northern half of Cumberland to liis 

 estate. The lawns in this climate are always green, and 

 Orange-trees, Palmettos and a host of other sub-tropical plants 

 group with the Live-oaks in splendid confusion. But the 

 Live-oaks themselves are the great feature of Dungeness. 



