Jlly 24, 1889.] 



Garden and Forest. 



353 



and M. ignea. It reminds one of M. ainabilis, but has quite 

 the form of riovver of M. ignea. The color is intermediate. 

 If it proves a winter bloomer, as J/, ignea is, it will be a good 

 addition to cool Orchids. There were two varieties of Cattleya 

 shown, both having- the lateral sepals feathered with deep 

 purple on a pale mauve ground. One was called C. Mendelii 

 Halite, which had in addition a very brilliant labellum, and 

 C. Gaskelliana Sjtnray , which differed from the ordinars' 

 forms only by the feathering. The very remarkable Dendro- 

 biutn Straliofes, from the South Pacific, was shown in liower, 

 and, as it has seldom been seen, it created some interest. 

 Like'/?. tauriniiiH, to wliich group it belongs, it has peculiarly 

 shaped Howers produced on short spilces fi-om the last year's 

 growths. It has iiarrow, whitish sepals, and the two petals 

 are pinkish and stand erect, and, being twisted, remind one 

 of the horns of an ibex. The labellum is beautifully adorned 

 with rich pin-ple reticulations on a pure white groiuid. It is 

 among the most beautiful and distinct of all DendrobiLUiis. 



Lilies of all kinds are just now in perfection, and among 

 the grea-t number shown were not a few new or uncommon 

 varieties. The white form of L. Alartagon was shown in 

 grand condition by Mr. Ware, with stems a yard high, carr\- 

 ing conical spikes of pure white blossoms. Though an old 

 sort, this is still rare, and, as it is so beautiful, it is the desire 

 of all hardy plant-lovers to possess it. Another form of L. 

 Martagon which I do not remember to have seen before was 

 PunctatLun, which has whitish Howers spotted with crimson, 

 but it is not nearly so effective as the white or the blackish- 

 crimson variety, Dalmaticum. 5e\'eral American Lilies were 

 shown, and of L. pardalimtin there were some interesting 

 forms. A hybrid between L. pardalimim and L. parviiin, and 

 named L. piimiliim, was sent up as a new plant, but as it has 

 not the noble l.>eauty of the one or the pretty form of flower 

 of the other, it was not considered worthy of an award. Of L. 

 parvum there was a beautiful variety with scarlet fiowers 

 like those of FiHtiUaria reciirva. It was named L. alpinum, 

 but was e^'idently only a form of L. parvum. Of the lovely 

 L. Parryi from the Rocky Mountains there were some fine 

 specimens from tlie open border, some bearing four to five 

 flowers on a stem. The rich canary-yellow of the fragrant 

 blossoms renders it already a much-talked-of plant, and it is 

 likely to prove a hardy and vigorous grower. There was a 

 greatly admired group of L. aitratitiii and other Lilies inter- 

 mixed with dwarf plants of Japanese Maples. The elegant fo- 

 liage of the Maples quite disguised th.e rigid stems of the 

 Lilies, and with their different shades of green produced a 

 charming effect. A very noble and handsome Indian Lily 

 was shown by Messrs. Low, of Clapton, and the committee 

 were unanimous in awarding a first-class certificate to it. It 

 was named Liliu/n Wallechi, \-ar. siiperbum, it being finer in 

 all respects than tlie typical form. The plant shown had ti 

 stem about six feet higli, clothed from top to bottom withlon-g, 

 narrow leaves, and surmounted by two Howers about nine 

 inches in length, trumpet-shaped and of ivory whiteness. It 

 is, unfortunately, not Iiardy, but will prove a su[)erb plant for 

 the green-house. This is the second Indian Lily Messrs. 

 Low have introduced recently, the other being L. Nepalense. 



Messrs. A'eitch showed a fine gathering of Howering 

 branches of some choice, hardy shridjs, including the verv 

 elegant Zenobia speciosa and its variety ptdvernlenta, both 

 first-rate American peat shrubs. The variety is most popular 

 because the glaucescence of the leaves go so well with the 

 pearl-white flowers which look like magnified Lilv-of-the-\'al- 

 ley Howers. Styrax Japonica, which is quite hard}- as a 

 standard here, was again shown in abundant bloom. Its 

 flowers are an inch across, pure white with yellow stamens, 

 reminding one of the old green-house climber, Solainan jas- 

 minoides. Leptospermmn baccatuni, similar to, if not identical 

 with, L. scopaj-iton, is also hardy at Coombe wood, though a 

 native of Australia. It is scarcely showy enough in flower to 

 recommend it to general cultivation, though the specialist in 

 trees and shrubs will be delighted with it. W. Goldring. 



" Having disposed the masses of trees, shrubs, etc., with ref- 

 erence to the general effect of the whole scene, we come now 

 to the finishing touches of decoration — flowers. 



" Fi-om the general love of flowers and their increasing 

 varieties, we frequently see t!ie breadth and repose of the lawn 

 sacrificed to them. In a flower-garden, properlv so-called, thev 

 hold undivided sway, and are at liberty to cover the whole 

 surface and to assume every variety of' form that fancy mav 

 dictate ; but when flowers are admitted to the dress ground 

 we have been considering, they must be amenable to the laws 

 of composition, otherwise thev injure the scenery thev are 

 intended to adorn." - ' W. S. Gilpin, 18^3. 



Cultural Department. 



California Lilies. 

 ■p R;HT distinct species of Lilies are native to California, 

 -'--' besides varieties. They are Liliuin Columbianiim, L. Hum- 

 boldti, L. pardalinuiii, L. parviiin, L. Parryi, L. inaritimiiin, 

 L. Washingtoiiianmn and L. riibesccns. No other country in 

 the world is so rich in these floral beauties, except Japan. 

 Their range is from the sea-coast of Mendocino Countv to the 

 edge of perpetual snow in the Sierras. Old Shasta's sides are 

 the home of several species. 



I have found L. Hiiuiboldti in the rich alluvium of the upper 

 Sacramento \^alley, and L. Parryi, one of the most beautiful, 

 is a native of the high mountains of San Bernardnio and San 

 Diego Counties. 



As a collector I have taken many thousands of the bulbs of 

 six of tliese species from their native homes, and have grown 

 all but L. Parryi. In the soil in which they flourish and the 

 manner of root-growth they vary greatly. Briefly it may be 

 said that/,. inaritiiiiiiin,L. pardalinum, L. parvum i\ndL. Parryi 

 are bog lilies with running or rhizomatous roots ; thatZ. Hiim- 

 bold/i 3.n(l L. Coliimbia7iuin are native to rich, clayey soils, and 

 that L. Washingtonianum and L. rtebescens rot easily in cold 

 or wet soils, that they are true bulbs, and that they thrive in 

 well-drained soil of leaf-mould mixed with disintegrated sand- 

 stone or gravel. 



L. pardalinum, often called Tiger Lily, by the country people, 

 is the most easily grown of all. It has an erect stem with 

 many long, lanceolate, pale green leaves, in whorls. The 

 flower is large and showy ; the petals, bright crimson at tips, 

 orange dotted or blotched with black at centre, and recurved 

 to the stem. There are few more brilliant sights than a well 

 bloomed plant of this Lily. The root is hardy and little subject 

 to rot. It prefers a rich sandy mould, but adapts itself to varying 

 conditions. In a shaded pond I saw fine specimens on the 

 mould on old logs, the fit^rous root running down into the 

 ^vater. They were six to seven feet high with the finest of 

 blossoms. In the rich mould below mountain springs, or in the 

 alluvium on the banks of small streams, they grow to perfec- 

 tion. I have seen them doing well in sandy soil which in mid- 

 summer was as dry as a brick. In cultivation I have seen the 

 l)est results from planting in a sunken barrel filled with sand 

 well mixed with leaf-mould or bog soil. It should be kept moist, 

 not wet, and is better in the shade. The bulbs should be 

 planted about four inches deep. Under such conditions strong 

 plants grow five to seven feet high, with an abundance of 

 bloom. Once planted, the roots should be undisturbed. They 

 spread rapidly increasing in geometrical ratio. The bulb of 

 this year throws out two growing roots this fall, each of these 

 throws out two next fall, etc. When the clump gets too thick, 

 the soil can be taken oft' and the smaller roots removed with- 

 out disturbing the ones to-be left. I have seen clumps of four 

 or five hundred in the wild state, the produce of one bulb. 

 Both leaf and flower of L. pardalinum have wide variations, 

 and three or four varieties are named, but it is hard to lay down 

 a dividing line, as the varieties run into each other. 



L. Californicum is a variety with narrow leaves, and a bril- 

 liant flower ; the tips of the petals a rich crimson and the dots 

 small. Var puberulum has paler flowers and broad leaves. 

 The English florists have found a clear yellow form which 

 they call L. Warei, but I have never been able to secure a 

 specimen. 



L. maritimum is one of the rarest in cultivation ; this is for a 

 double reason. The bulb is difficult to handle, being partic- 

 ularly liable to decay when disturbed. Then, too, its range of 

 growth is limited. It grows in and around peat bogs, on the 

 coast of Mendocino County — rarely farther north or south. It 

 is seldom seen farther than two miles from the ocean. The 

 surface of these bogs is dotted with clumps of Ferns and Azaleas. 

 Around the bogs is a waste of gray, ashy-looking sand, densely 

 covered with Heath, Cypress and Pines. On tlie edges of the 

 bogs, the Lily is a dwarf, often blooming at three or four 

 inches. In the bogs it roots itself in the tufts, 'and becomes a 

 lovely plant, five feet high with ten or fifteen fine blossoms. 

 The leaves are dark glossy green, and the blossom crimson. 

 At Ukiah I have grown it easily in a reclaimed swamp in the 

 shade. The soil is of vegetable matter and always moist. In 

 the same situation L. parvum, L. pardalinum, L. Columbianum 

 and L. Humboldti, as well as the Japanese L. auratum make 

 a vigorous growth, and, what is not usual for the latter, 

 strong bulbs. At Ukiah there is litfle fog, and there are days 

 in the summer when the thermometer will register more than 

 one hundred degrees. 



Liliitm Parryi is, similiar to L. pardalinum in leaf and bulb, 

 but the bloom is lemon-yellow and very fragrant. Of its 



