496 



Garden and Forest. 



[October i6, 1889. 



Notes Upon Some North American Trees. — XIV. 



352. PiNus REFLEXA, Engclm. — Mr. Pringle rediscovered 

 two years ago Engelmanii's Finns strobi/ort?iis on the 

 mountains of Chihuahua, in the very region wliere Wislizinus 

 first found it, and his specimens show that Pinus reflexa 

 cannot be separated from the Mexican tree, which was 

 known previously from a single cone only. It will be 

 found perhaps that Pinus strobi/ormis is merely a northern 

 form with short leaves, and small cones, of the widely 

 distributed /'wz^s Ayacuhuile,Y,v)\. The two are certainly 

 very closely related and not readily separated. 



359. Pinus ToRREYANA, Parry. — Mn Brandegee's discovery 

 last year of this Pine on Santa Rosa Island is interesting. 

 It was up to that time, so far as was known, the most local 

 and the most poorly represented in living individuals of all 

 American trees. About one hundred specimens were found 

 growing on the bluffs of the eastern shore (Brandegee in 

 Proc. Cal. Acad., i., 2, 217) ; and this new and remote station 

 may reasonably be expected to prolong the existence of 

 the species. 



373. Pinus inops. Ait. — This name, published in 1 789, must 

 give way to Miller's Pinus Virginiana (Gardeners' Diction- 

 ary, 8th ed. ), published in 1768. 



377. Pinus mitis, Michx. — This species has sometimes 

 been referred to the Pinus echinata of Miller, but Miller's 

 description leaves some doubt as to species he intended 

 to describe, so that it appears advisable to retain Michaux's 

 name, P. mitis. 



Pinus latifolia. — Dr. Henry Mayr, the Professor of Syl- 

 viculture in the University of Japan, detected in the 

 autumn of 1887 on the southern slopes of the Santa Rita 

 Mountains, in southern Arizona, a part of the range which 

 had not been explored before botanically, the remarkable 

 new species of Pine,* figured upon page 498 of this issue. 

 Its very long leaves, in threes, with persistent sheaths, 

 and with the strengthening cells under the epidermis, 

 and surrounding the ducts, bring it into Engelmann's 

 second section, of Ponderosce, with P. macrophylla, 

 P. ponderosa and P. Canariensis. It is described by 

 Dr. Mayr as a medium-sized tree, about sixty feet high, 

 with thick and deeply-furrowed dark brown bark and stout 

 tortuous branches. The leaf-bracts, reflexed in the bud, 

 are three-quarters of an inch long, acuminate, with sca- 

 rious, laciniated margins, and contracted into a long, subu- 

 late point ; leaves serrate, fourteen to fifteen inches long, 

 one-sixteenth of an inch wide, with a prominent rib ; 

 sheath persistent, dark chestnut-brown, with a conspicu- 

 ously-fringed margin; cones sub-terminal, clustered, oblique 

 from the greater development of the outer side, sessile, 

 three to five inches long ; the scales, with recurved 

 apophyses, and stout, projecting, mammillary umbos and 

 slender terminal prickles. The seed (imperfect and prob- 

 ably not fully grown) is only one-eighth of an inch long, 

 oval, prominently ridged and light brown; the wing three- 

 fourths of an inch long, widest nearest the base. The 

 cones, which appear to be light brown, leave, in falling, 

 the peduncle, with a few of the lower scales attached, 

 on the branches, resembling in this the cones of P. ponde- 

 rosa. The flowers have not been seen. 



This species differs from P. ponderosa in its longer and 

 broader leaves, and by the long, round umbo of the cone- 

 scales not unlike that of P. CouUeri, although much smaller ; 

 it differs from P. macrophylla, to which it appears closely 

 related, by the somewhat shorter and broader leaves, 

 always in threes, by the much smaller cones, and by the 

 absence of the stout, broad, much recurved, persistent 

 points of the umbo. 



Dr. Mayr's notes give no information of the exact eleva- 

 tion at which this tree was found, but it must have been 



* Pinus latifolia, nov. spec; arbor mediocris. ramulis tortuosis ; squamis lone^e 

 acuminatis, fimbriato-Iaceris, squarrosis, persistentibus ; va^inis elongatis lacini- 

 atis, persistentibus ; foliis ad apicem ramulorum congestis, ternis, latis, margine 

 serrulatis : strobilis sub-terininalibus, ovatis, obliquis, 3-5 poll-longis ; squamis 

 apoph ysi ancipiti, umbonem conico uncinatum ; seminibus parvis, late alatis. 



considerable, as he found it associated with Quercus hypo- 

 leuca, and growing just below Pinus Arizonica and P. 

 Chihuahuana. 



382. PicEA NIGRA, Link. — Miller's description of this tree 

 (Gardeners' Dictionary, 8th ed. ) is the first published after 

 the adoption of the binomial nomenclature of Linnaeus, and 

 his specific name being adopted the Black Spruce becomes 

 Picea Mariana. 



383. PicEA ALBA, Link. — The White Spruce was described 

 by Miller (/. c. ) as Pinus Canadensis ; but that name having 

 been applied by Linnseus to the Hemlock as Pinus Cana- 

 densis, the next name to be taken up is the Pinus laxa of 

 Ehrhart (Beitr., iii., 24), which antedates, by one year, the 

 Pinus alba of Alton, so that the White Spruce should be 

 called Picea laxa. Koch (Dendrologie, ii. , 2, 243) adopts 

 Ehrhart's specific name, while considering Abies the correct 

 generic name for the Spruces. 



PiCEA Breweriana. — This distinct Spruce-tree was dis- 

 covered by Mr. Thomas Howell in June, 1884, on the 

 alpine slopes of the Siskiyou Mountains of northern Cahfor- 

 nia. It may be distinguished from all North American 

 Spruces by the long, pendulous branches, flat or slightly 

 rounded leaves and long cones, with thin, spreading, entire 

 scales.* 



391. PsEUDOTSUGA DouGLASii, Cam — Lambert, who first 

 described the tree now very generally known as the Doug- 

 las Spruce, named it Pinus iaxifolia (Genus Pinus, i., 51, /. 

 33) ; and his specific name must be taken up as it has been 

 already by Dr. Britton (Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci, viii., 74), 

 who becomes the author of Pseudotsuga iaxifolia. This 

 change is particularly to be regretted, as it completely dis- 

 associates the name of David Douglas from this tree, the 

 most important, perhaps, of his many North American dis- 

 coveries. Happily, however, the name "Douglas Spruce" 

 is beginning to find a place in the language of the people 

 living in some parts of the country where it abounds, and 

 in British Columbia it is rarely called by any other name ; 

 the name of Douglas, therefore, will not soon be forgotten 

 in the land which was the scene of his sufferings and 

 achievements, and which, more than most men in his 

 day, he made known to the world. 



394. Abies subalpina, Engelm. — Dr. M. T. Masters would 

 seem to have established the fact {Gardeners' Chronicle, 3 

 ser., v., 172; — Jour 7ial of Botany, May, 1889) that the Pinus 

 lasciocarpa of Hooker (Flor. Bot. Am., ii., 163), based upon 

 a specimen brought by Douglas from our interior north- 

 west region, is what has been called more recently Abies 

 subalpina, which would then become Abies lasciocarpa, 

 Nutt. ; which, however, must not be confounded with the 

 Abies (or Picea) lasciocarpa of gardens, which is the Sierra 

 Nevada form oi Abies concolor. 



397. Abies bracteata, Nutt. — David Douglas, who dis- 

 covered this species, first described it, calling it Pinus 

 venusta. His name was published in 1836 in the "Compan- 

 ion to the Botanical Magazine" (ii., 152), a year earlier than 

 Don's Pinus bracteata {Trans. Linn. Soc, xvii., 443), so that 

 the name should now become Abies venusta. 



401. Larix Americana, Michx. — The oldest name for the 

 eastern Larch is that of Du Roi (Obs. Bot, 49), published 

 in 1 77 1 — Pinus larcina, so that Larix larcina, Koch, 

 "Dendrologie," ii., 2, 263, should be adopted. 



Sabal species. — The large arborescent Palm of the lower 

 Rio Grande Valley and the east coast of Mexico is a Sabal 

 not yet determined, and probably an undescribed species. 



PsEUDOPHCENix Sargentii, Wend. — A small arborescent 

 Palm found on Elliott's Key, Florida, and described in 

 Garden and Forest, vol. i., f. 55, 56. I have received 

 another Florida Palm from the Messrs. Reasoner, of Man- 

 atee, who discovered it last year growing in shallow water 

 in the Everglades. The leaves are pinnate, and it is said 

 to grow to a height of forty feet, with slender, often pros- 

 trate stems. 



* Picea Breweriana, Watson in Proc. Am. Acad., new ser., .xii,, 378. — Sargent in 

 Gardeners^ Chronicle, new ser,, xxv., 498, f. 93. 



