October 23, 1889.] 



Garden and Forest. 



515 



endeavor, with the one additional agency of compulsion. 

 Education, persuasion and compulsion are all at the com- 

 mand of government. How arc they to be employed? To 

 what extent can they be expected each to do its share in pro- 

 ducing the desired result ?" 



Dr. H. Nicholas Jarchow, of this city, read a paper on 

 " Forestry Legislation in New York," in which he said : 



" For the state of New York there is an imijortant reason for 

 a systematic business management of the state forests. System- 

 atic forestry can be practiced only to advantage in large wooded 

 areas. The farmer possessing from 100 to 200 acres will, ni 

 treating his wood plot, be led only by his personal wants and 

 desires ; the teachings of systematic forestry are to liim of no 

 avail, except that he may be induced to adopt a culture with a 

 certain rotation. BLit it is quite different with the large wooded 

 areas, which cannot be used for any other purpose except for 

 raising forest trees." 



GEORGIA PINE. 



Mr. S. G. McLendon, of Thomasville, Georgia, read a brief. 

 interesting and valuable paper on Georgia I^ine, from which 

 we should be glad to quote at greater length, but have space 

 Only for this : = 



"The practical question which invites solution at the hands 

 of practical statesmanship is the proper method of nursing to 

 ripeness the young trees not consumed, which, as I have 

 said, represent from seventy to seventy-five per cent, of the 

 actual number of trees on each acre. These are, many of 

 them, turpentined at entirely too young an age, and almost 

 literally bled to death. The great enemy of the forest, aside 

 from the axe, is fire — fire which comes in. the wake of the tur- 

 pentiner and the one which precedes him. A most thought- 

 less, and I might justly say insane practice, prevails in the pine 

 region, of burning off the woods in early spring, in order that 

 a small lot of worthless cattle may get an early bite of grass. 

 These burnings impoverish the soil by destroying the vegetable 

 matter that would, if left untouched, enrich it, and also destroy 

 the young Pines that spring up from seed. How serious this 

 damage is the future will fully realize. What the best policy to 

 liusband this wasting wealth will be I do not undertalce to say, 

 but if, without too serious an invasion of the domain of private 

 right, it could be made penal to box trees less than twelve 

 inches in diameter, and penal to burn tlie woods or set forest 

 tires, I think a decided advance would be made in the direction 

 of preserving oin- pine. 



" The mill man thins out, the turpentine man destroys. The 

 one cuts down only large trees, not over thirty per cent., while 

 the other boxes not less than seventy per cent. Behind the 

 first the forest fire is hurtful, behind the other it is destructive. 

 In the one case it is simple assault and battery, in the other it 

 is murder." 



Mr. E. E. Russell Tratman, of Brooklyn, New York, read a 

 valuable paper on " Economy in the Consumption of Railway 

 Timber," of wliich the two princij^al suggestions were the use 

 of other materials as substitutes for wood in constructing and 

 operating railways, and the application of means for increasing 

 the durability of the timber used for railroad purposes. 



Colonel Edgar T. Ensign, Forest Commissioner of the state 

 of Colorado, had a good paper on "Government Forest Pre- 

 serves in the West," which was illustrated by large maps on 

 the stage. He said the experience of the Commission, of which 

 he is the head, had made it plain that national control of 

 mountain forest regions, in which large streams used in irriga- 

 tion have tlieir sources, is a necessity, and that adequate man- 

 agement by the individual states is impracticable. Few men 

 in the country have more knowledge of the {)raetical problems 

 connected witii the functions of mountain forests than Colonel 

 Ensign. 



Mr. N. H. Egleston, the Recording Secretary of the Asso- 

 ciation, offered a series of resolutions expressing the sense of 

 the meeting regarding the work of the agricultural colleges 

 of the country, to the effect that they " should regard it as one 

 of their most manifest duties to give the subject of forestry a 

 prominent place in their curriculums, and that every experi- 

 ment station should engage in investigating and making ex- 

 periments in those branches of forestry which have special 

 importance in the localities in which they are situated, or 

 which are of general interest in their relations to agriculture 

 and the arts." They were unanimously adopted. 



Dr. J. M. Anders, of Philadelphia, read an interesting paper 

 on "The Removal of Forests a Factor in the Causation of 

 Floods." 



Hon. Adolph Leue, Secreteuy of the Ohio State Forestry 

 Bureau, read a carefully prepared and tiioughtful paper on 

 " Forestal Schools." 



Professor J. T. Rothrock, of the University of Pennsylvania, 



delivered an evening lecture on "The Forest Regions of 

 North America," with stcreoijlicon illustrations. These were 

 remarkably beautiful and accurate, and the lecture was one 

 of the most interesting euid instructive features of the three 

 days' meeting. 



Professor Albert N. Prentiss, of Cornell University, read a 

 paper on " The Hemlock," which we should like to print. He 

 showed that the rate of growth of this tree is remarkably slow, 

 and that it is being rapidly exterminated, as it is everywhere 

 cut off for all the uses for which its timber is so well adapted, 

 while no effort is made to protect the young growth and thus 

 provide for a succession of crops of this invaluable tree. 



Miss Grace Anna Lewis read a paper, which attracted much 

 attention, on " The Oaks of Delaware County, Pennsylvania." 

 It was illustrated by the exhibition of many l)eautiful paintings 

 of the leaves and fruit of the trees. These were by Miss 

 Lewis' own hand. 



Mr. B. G. Northrop read an interesting paper on " Arbor 

 Day in Schools." 



A curious and interesting incident of the last hours of the 

 meeting was the introduction of a very brief resolution in 

 favor of taking the duty off lumber. This was offered by Mr. 

 J. D. W. French, of Massachusetts, one of the Vice-Presidents 

 of the Association, who supported it in a few moderate and 

 well chosen remarks. There was no other discussion of the 

 subject. There was not much time, indeed, but what there 

 was, was mostly employed in protesting against any discussion 

 of the resolution, and even against its introduction. Last year 

 at Atlanta it was thought that it would not do to introduce it. 

 But the question of a duty on lumber is entirely legitimate in 

 a forestry association. 



We have not space to mention all of the papers. More had 

 been prepared than could be read during the meeting, 

 although most of the time was devoted to them, and not 

 much was used in discussion. 



THE PENNSYLVANIA FORESTRY ASSOCIATION. 



The arrangements for the meeting were chiefly in the hands 

 of the officers of the national organization who live in or near 

 Philadelphia, of the officers of the Pennsylvania Forestry 

 Association and of the local committees. They deserve 

 much credit for the thorough preparation which anticipated 

 every need of the occasion, and of all who were in attendance. 

 The vigor and efficiency of the state organization is highly 

 gratifying and encouraging. 



Very appropriately, the opening and the close of the meet- 

 ing were in the hands of the Philadelphia forestry people. On 

 Tuesday evening the assemblage was called to order by Mr. 

 John Birkinbine, of the state organization, editor of Forest 

 Leaves. He introduced Mr. Burnet Landreth, the President 

 of the Pennsylvania Association, who delivered a gracefid and 

 interesting address of welcome, in which he alluded to the 

 establishment in Philadelphia of the first agricultural and hor- 

 ticultural societies, and to the work of the great botanists and 

 dendrologists, who early made the city famous. In the ab- 

 sence of the President, Governor lieaver, the response to the 

 address of welcome was made by the First Vice-President, 

 Hon. H. G. Joly, of Quebec, Canad i, who said it was not the 

 wish of forestry reformers to piotect the woods against the 

 legitimate demands of the lumberman, or the need of forest 

 products for the use of the peojilc, but only against unwise 

 and wasteful mediods of appropriating such products. He 

 added, that there is no real antagonism between hmiber- 

 men and the Forestry Association, and that they should work 

 together in harmony for the preservation of the forests in 

 order to maintain permanent sources of timber supply. All 

 of Mr. Joly's speaking during the meeting was of a very 

 thoughtful and substantial character. 



The afternoon of the last day was devoted to tree planting 

 in Philadelphia's great park. There was a large assemblage 

 on the John Welsh Concourse, near Memorial Hall. Here 

 again, as at the beginning, Mr. John Birkinbine directed the 

 proceedings. Seven handsome and vigorous young Oak trees, 

 grown from acorns from ]3artram's Gardens, were planted. 

 The trees were dedicated to John Bartram, Andrew F. Alichaux, 

 Dr. Franklin B. Hough, J. P^rancis Fisher, Alexander von Hum- 

 boldt, Governor James A. Beaver and Judge Warren Higley ; 

 and brief arid interesting addresses were delivered bv Mr. 

 Charles C. Binney, Mr. B. E. Fernow, Hon. H. G. Joly, Mr. 

 Rodman Paul, Rev. Dr. J. P. Lundy, Professor B. G. Nortlirop, 

 and Hon. John Pcaslec. 



A vote of thanks to the Park Commission closed the con- 

 vention. 



The officers for the coming year are : Hon. James A. Beaver, 

 Governor of Pennsylvania, l^resident ; Hon.- H. G. Joly, 



