October 30, 1889.] 



Garden and Forest. 



527 



woodland quiet amidst wliicli tlie beholder stands ; from 

 another the prospect to the soiitlivvard ends with the gracefLd 

 contours of tlie Blue Hills of IMilton, toward wnich the vision 

 is gently carried from the rugged woodland foreground Ijy tlie 

 broadening landscape, and the seaward opening valley frames 

 a vista of the shore-hne curving southward to far beyond the 

 entrance of Boston Harbor. Again, there are views over the 

 forest amphitheatre that forms the main feature of the region, 

 with nothing to be seen but wood, water and rock; all traces 

 of civilization are shut out, and on every side the tree-covered 

 hills undulate indefinitely into the distance, so that it seems 

 as if the entire continent might still be the wilderness it was 

 when the Puritans first came here. When the atmosphere is 

 clear Mounts Wachusett and Monadnock stand out sharply in 

 the distance. 



It is proposed to develop this region for the convenience 

 and pleasure of the public very simply, in accordance with its 

 wild and natural character. Roads and walks will make the 

 most notable portions easily accessible, and there will be 

 nothing to prevent the visitor from wandering across country 

 to his heart's content. A service of public carriages will be 

 established to make the tour of the forest at cheap rates of 

 fare for the round trip, and passengers will be dropped at 

 successive points wherever tliey may desire, to continue the 

 excursion in succeeding vehicles on the same tickets. The 

 conditions are favorable for the development of a beautiful 

 forest-growth, and it is intended to apply the most approved 

 forestry methods in the administration. It has been suggested 

 that "the Lynn Commonwood " would be a most appropriate 

 name for the forest, having a historical significance in indicat- 

 ing its original function while also expressing its present 

 character as a public pleasure-ground. 



This forest will be the largest area dedicated to public park 

 purposes in New England. Lynn has thus led the way in 

 establishing the first public forest, and has set a noble exam- 

 ple which ought not to be without effect upon other commun- 

 ities. Although a local enterprise, its benefits are far more 

 than local. Its value to the neighboring New England me- 

 tropolis can hardly be overestimated. Lynn is already, geo- 

 .graphically, a portion of Boston, and will be knit closer 

 together with the central city as years go on. An eminent 

 landscape-gardener, in a recent examination of the place, pre- 

 dicted that it would become to Boston what Fontainebleau is 

 to Paris, and Richmond and Windsor are to London. 

 Boston. Sylvester Baxter. 



The Disappearance of Wild Flowers. 

 To the Editor of Garden and Forest : 



Sir. — You speak in reference to the practice of digging large 

 quantities of popular wild plants from the woods and marshes, 

 and thus nearly, or quite, exterminating some speciesfrom cer- 

 tain regions. Many a botanist and lover of nature regrets to 

 see his favorites disappear. In this part of Michigan large 

 orders have been filled from time to time for wild plants. 

 Changes are taking place very rapidly in this part of the state. 

 Swamps and marshes are often drained ; then, during some 

 very dry season, fire spreads, accidentally or otherwise, burn- 

 ing deep into muck and sphagnum, destroying many native 

 herbs and shrubs. 



Proprietors are still making extensions to their clearings ; of 

 course, paying no attention to Trillium, Cypripedium, Isopy- 

 rum or Hepatica. They are preparing more land to raise 

 more wheat and corn, and grass to support more cattle to 

 ^^i more money to pay debts or buy more land. If we knew 

 certainly where these clearings were soon to be made, there 

 would be little harm in digging wild plants from them. If 

 we could foresee what woodlands, marshes or ponds would re- 

 main " uniniproved " for a long time to come, we could make 

 attempts to save some of the gems which thrive there. But, 

 here lies the trouble ; we can seldom know what changes will 

 take place in this \\q\n country. So far as we are concerned, 

 in central Michigan, it seems about as well to collect choice 

 plants, and let those have them who appreciate and will care 

 for them, as to leave them with the chance that they will 

 soon be burned over or plowed under. 



Agricultural College, Mich. IV. J. Bcal. 



Trypeta Pomonella in New Jersey. 

 To the Editor of Garden and Forest : 



Sir. — In your note on Dr. Hoskins' article on Trypeta pjiii- 

 onclla you say it has been known m:iny years in the West, bul 

 is not reported as injurious in this part of the country. I have 

 a tree of Jersey Sweet, the fruit of which is invariably so badly 

 infested with the maggot as to be absolutely worthless, and this 

 has been the case for several years. A tree of Golden Sweeting 



standing next to it is also more or less infested every year, so 

 that I hardly ever dare to eat one unless I inspect it closely. If 

 the apples are gathered and allowed to stand in a barrel for a 

 week to become mellow, they then show the devious tracks of 

 the disgusting pest through the skin, which is discolored, and 

 if the apples are cut, tb.ey will be found often entirely 

 riddled and honeycombed. I have seen apples in Connecticut 

 badly infested with them, and, perhaps, Mr. P. M. Augur, the 

 official pomologist of that state, could tell of Fameuse being 

 entirely ruined by them. I consider it the worst pest we have 

 to contend with in connection with the apple, because it is so 

 niinute that its presence is often not suspected till the mischief 

 is done. Many persons have doubtless eaten infested apples 

 in blissful ignorance of the presence of these loathsome in- 

 sects, as they are hardly visible in their early stages, or in the 

 early stage of their work, so near the color of the fiesh of the 

 apple are they. This is the reason, doubtless, why Dr. Hos- 

 kins has failed to find them. If in cutting the apples he should 

 dislodge them and get them against the discolored Hesh, a 

 sharp, steady look woidd doubtless be rewarded by seeing 

 them squirm, but, as they are of the color of the apple's flesh, 

 it requires a keen eye to see them. They are sniaU, but 

 powerful for destruction. I have very seldom found them here 

 except in the apples named, but I have seen Fameuse apples 

 in Connecticut destroyed by them. I first noticed them about 

 half a dozen years ago, and was induced to study them and 

 find their authorized name. E. Williams. 



Moiitclair, N.J. 



The Dwarf Weeping Willow. 

 To the Editor of Garden and Forest : 



Sir. — The Willow spoken of by Professor Budd, of Iowa, as 

 the " Napoleon Willow," is likely, if as hardy as reported, to 

 bean extremely popular tree. But why " Napoleon "? Is it 

 of the species or variety said to hang over the famous grave 

 at St. Helena ? This I have supposed to be the common and 

 decidedly tender tree, which can hardly be grown north of 

 Massachusetts, and not very successfully tliere. My young 

 trees, from cuttings sent by Professor Budd, do not resemlile 

 this, having smaller, shorter and darker foliage. They are not 

 yet tall enough fairly to test their hardiness against cold ; but 

 as Iowa has as hard winters as northern Vermont, I hope to 

 find them a success. I hardly know of any tree that would 

 meet with a wider sale than a true iron-clad Weeping Willow, 

 and a moderate degree of dwarfness would be an added merit. 



Newport, Vt. 



T. H. Hoskins. 



Recent Plant Portraits. 



TULIPA Maximowiczi, Rgl. Gartenflora, October ist; a deli- 

 cate species, with narrow leaves and small flowers, with acu- 

 minate scarlet perianth-segments ; a native of Bokara, and 

 closely related to T. linifolia. 



TULiPA Batalini, Rgl. Gartenflora, October ist; a yellow 

 flowered Bokaran species. 

 Botanical Magazine, October. 



Drac/ena marmorata, t. 7078; a fine tropical species from 

 Singapore, whence it was introduced to Kew in 1882, and 

 flowered there for the first tmie last year. " The most strik- 

 ing characteristic of the present plant, from a horticultural 

 point of view, is its very large, sessile, plicate, bright green 

 leaves, copiously marbled with white." 



PrIiMULa pusila, t. 7079, A \ a common and widely tlis- 

 tributed alpine species of the Himalaya, found at elevations of 

 13,000 to 16,000 feet, where "it forms considerable tufts. Its 

 sapphire-blue flowers are very attractive." Sir Joseph Hooker 

 calls attention to the fact that, unlike many Primroses, it shows 

 through its wide range of distribution no inclination to vary 

 from the type form. 



Primula petiolaris, /. 7079, B; of this plant Sir Joseph 

 Hooker remarks " that it is one of the commonest and most 

 variable of the Primroses of India, or perhaps the world. It 

 abounds under innumerable forms throughout the Himalaya, at 

 elevations of 8,000 to 14,000 feet from Garwlial to Bhotan, vary- 

 ing from a dwarf Alpine no bigger than a penny piece, with 

 sessile leaves and flowers, to a coarse herb, with long petioles, 

 spathulate-obovate or orbicular-cordate leaves a span long, 

 and uml^elled flowers on a stout scape." The variety fignrcll 

 is that known as Nana. It is represented witii short-petiolcd 

 leaves and short-stemmed pale purple flowers, with a yellow 

 eye. 



FRrriLLARiA Bugharica, /. 7080; a handsome and interest- 

 ing species, witli leafy stems, and lax, manv flowered racemes 

 of greenish white, campanulate flowers, ratlier less than an 

 inch long. It is one of the plants discovered by Dr. Albert 

 Reerel in central Asia. 



