566 



Garden and Forest. 



[November 27, il 



many Mexican Pines, in a wonderful plant of the Lace- 

 bark Pine of China {F. Buiigearia), in a great collection of 

 Cupressus of many interesting forms, and in a number of 

 specimens of the bright blue variety of the Mt. Atlas Cedar, 

 so vigorous in health, so graceful in outline and of such 

 brilliant coloring that one may well exclaim in look- 

 ing on these trees for the first time, "I have never seen a 

 beautiful conifer before." Not far away are the grounds of 

 the Villa Franzosini, rich in fine trees, and the best exam- 

 ple, perhaps, of a well arranged and well planted garden, 

 simple and convenient in treatment and uninjured by any 

 gaudy horticultural innovation, which can be seen on the 

 shores of the Italian lakes, a region famous for beautiful 

 gardens. 



The great botanical establishment which the people of 

 New York are still talking about vaguely is to be realized 

 in St. Louis. It is provided for under the will of Mr. 

 Henry Shaw, who died during the past summer, having 

 for many years devoted his leisure and a considerable part 

 of his income to the establishment and care of a public 

 garden in his adopted city. The whole of his estate, with 

 the exception of a few small legacies, is now left to a board 

 of trustees for the benefit of this garden. It has been ap- 

 praised at nearly $3,000,000 and produces a net income of 

 about $50,000 ; but as a large part of Mr. Shaw's property 

 is invested in unimproved real estate within the city limits 

 of St. Louis, the income of his estate may be expected to 

 increase enormously with the growth of that city ; and 

 Professor William Trelease, the newly appointed director, 

 will, in all probability, soon find himself at the head of a 

 better endowed establishment than any other of its kind 

 which has ever existed. There is no botanical garden in 

 the world, with the exception of that at Kevv, where the 

 annual expenditures are not far from | too, 000, which en- 

 joys an income of anything like $50,000, and avast amount 

 of good and useful work can be accomplished every year 

 with that sum of money. Professor Trelease, with the 

 income now at his command or which will be available 

 for his purpose in a short time, will be able to lay the foun- 

 dation of an establishment of such scope that it will soon 

 make St. Louis the botanical centre of the New World and 

 draw to it students from every quarter of the globe. His 

 early efforts, very properly, will be devoted to elucidating 

 the botany of North America ; and he is fortunate in pos- 

 sessing as a nucleus of the St. Louis herbarium the collec- 

 tions of Engelmann, which, in certain groups of plants, are 

 of inestimable value. 



Of special interest to young men who desire to become 

 gardeners is the plan, not yet entirely matured, of offering, 

 in connection with the Shaw Garden, six scholarships for 

 garden pupils, for the benefit of young men between four- 

 teen and twenty years of age, who are to be taken for six 

 years, and who will be expected to work in the different 

 departments of the garden, receiving, besides, theoretical 

 instruction in botany, horticulture, economic entomology, 

 and as much land surveying and bookkeeping as is neces- 

 sary for a gardener having the charge of a large estate. It 

 is proposed by means of these scholarships to make gar- 

 deners, and not botanists, and a taste for the manual work 

 of the garden will be insisted on in the young men who 

 hold them. They will receive pay for their work, and be 

 given, free of cost, plain and comfortable lodgings near 

 the garden, as well as free tuition in the School of Botany 

 of Washington University, and such other instruction as 

 may be necessary. Never before has such a chance been 

 offered in this country to young men desiring to become 

 thoroughly educated and trained gardeners, and the in- 

 fluence which Mr. Shaw's munificent bequest will exert 

 through these scholarships upon horticulture in the United 

 States can hardly fail to be great and lasting. 



The Trustees of the Shaw Garden have it in their power 

 to build up a great and useful institution, of science and 

 learning. Their opportunity is magnificent, and their re- 

 sponsibility is correspondingly great. 



The Exhibition Grounds, Paris. 



AS the question of a World's Fair to be held in New 

 York is being so generally discussed, it seemed de- 

 sirable to publish for our readers the best view that could 

 be obtained of the grounds of the great exhibition recently 

 closed in Paris, although, of course, no single picture can 

 give any adequate idea of the skill with which they were 

 disposed, or of the gay, yet monumental, effect they pre- 

 sented. The illustration on p. 571 is from a photograph 

 taken from the first platform of the Eiffel Tower, looking 

 southward, away from the Seine, toward the largest build- 

 ings. In the centre we have the Palace of Industry, with 

 its chief entrance, and the great central dome, that rose 

 above the vestibule. Behind this is the higher mass of 

 Machinery Hall. In the buildings to right and left the 

 industrial display was continued ; and could we see those 

 which followed them, nearer the tower, we should see the 

 Palace of the Fine Arts and the Palace of the Liberal Arts. 

 The smaller structures near the great entrance held the 

 exhibits which illustrated the history and condition of the 

 city of Paris. The long tents on either side of the walks 

 were for protection from the sun or rain, covering nothing 

 but chairs and small booths where light refreshments were 

 sold. The fountains in the centre are those which, when 

 illuminated at night, proved the most popular attraction of 

 the exhibition. The main jet then rose from the circle of 

 bronze plants near the foreground, and not only beneath 

 the tents, but up to the edge of the grass, spectators were 

 massed in the densest lines. Between the four great feet 

 of the tower was a lawn with a central fountain ; on either 

 side of it were gardens containing many small pavilions ; 

 and to the north, opposite the present point of view, was 

 a large open space ; then the bridge across the river, cov- 

 ered for the time with a red and white tasseled awning, 

 and then the rising ground on the Trocadero side, wilh 

 a great cascade in the centre falling from beneath the 

 Trocadero Palace on top of the hill. Of course, the 

 grounds were n:iuch larger than this description implies, 

 extending along the quais for a great distance, and run- 

 ning back from the river again, nearly a mile fur- 

 ther east, to fill the broad Esplanade des Invalides. 

 But the present view shows their most effective portion, 

 and though the horticultural exhibition was accommo- 

 dated on the Trocadero slope, there was much here of 

 interest to the lover of plants and -of gardening design. 

 The harmonious contrast between the formal central walks 

 and the more naturally disposed paths on either side should 

 be remarked, and it should be remembered that the various 

 pieces of statuary were not makeshift decorations, but ad- 

 mirable works in marble, produced for their especial pur- 

 pose by well known artists. • The hardy trees were set out 

 when the design was made a year or two years in advance. 

 Particularly effective were certain large, isolated speci- 

 mens of Pha>7iix Canariensis, planted on the lawns, which, 

 with the other isolated plants and flower-beds, were most 

 appropriate to the semi-formality of the design. The ter- 

 races in front of the Palaces of the Arts were banked 

 with fine Rhododendrons, exhibited by M. Moser and by 

 Croux & Son ; and here, too, were some admirable speci- 

 mens of Chanicerops excelsa. The little kiosks and pa- 

 vilions had been carefully designed, and, in short, in every 

 detail one saw the hand of the skillful artist disposing of the 

 most excellent horticultural material. A particularly pretty 

 idea was the encircling of the grass plots with rows of small 

 electric lights set close to the ground. As viewed from 

 the tower at night, these starry bands had an enchanting 

 effect in contrast to the flashing splendor of the illumi- 

 nated fountains, which iir their turn were relieved against 

 the transparent masses of the fafades beyond, crowned by 

 the great dome, with its tasteful festoons of lights, where 

 the yellow of gas was effectively mingled with the whiter 

 light of electricity. These gardens seemed then a fairy- 

 land indeed, and one was filled with admiration for the 

 good taste which could produce so dazzling an effect, and yet 



