6i6 



Garden and Forest. 



[December 25, iS 



proper one to use, will regret the change, but accept Mag- 

 nolia fccUda in si)ite of its inappropriateness and the com- 

 mon use in all countries of M. grandijlora, which, by the 

 way, is not itself a very appropriate name, as many Mag- 

 nolias have larger flowers. 



Linnanis' Magno/ia y grisea is probably only a Mag- 

 nolia in part. It was based on a description in Ray (" Hist. 

 PI." II., 1798, not 1718, as quotedby Linna;us), of a plant cul- 

 tivated in Bishop Compton's garden in Fulham. Ray's de- 

 scription of the fruit, " fructus hujus non conus est ut 

 praecedentium (referring to the Tulip-tree) sed bacca 

 calyculata," might refer to Persea; but the " florem autem 

 speciosum tulipae semulum " seems to indicate that two 

 distinct plants were confused in this description. 



X. Anona laurifolia, Dunal. — Our FloridaAnona was first 

 made known by Catesby, who published in his " Natural 

 History of Carolina" two admirable figures of the fruit and 

 foliage with a flower in the second figure (II, t. 64-67). 

 Upon the first of these figures Linn?Eus founded his Anona 

 glabra ( "Species Plantarum," I., 537), giving Carolina as 

 the habitat. But Catesby does not say where he got his 

 plant, which grows both in Florida and in the Bahamas, but 

 not in Carolina, so that the habitat given by Linnaeus was 

 supposition. The fact of the wrong habitat and the absence 

 of flowers from Catesby's first plate led Griesbach ("Fl. Brit- 

 ish West Indies," 5) to suppress the Linnaean name entirely 

 and to refer this plant to the A. laurifolia of Dunal (" Mon. 

 Anon.," 65). But A. laurifolia, to which Dunal refers 

 Catesby's second figure (t. 67), is the same plant as the A. 

 glabra of Linnaeus, so there can be no question of the 

 propriety of restoring the Linnaean name, and our Florida 

 tree becomes A. glabra, Linnaeus, to which it was long 

 ago rightly referred in Chapman's " Flora of the S. States." 



XV. GoRDONiA PUBESCENS. — This name was published by 

 L'Heritier in 1785 in the sixth Fasciculus of the "Stirpes 

 Novae." The "Arbustum Americanum," in which Marshall 

 published this plant as Franklinia Altamaha, bears the 

 same date, 1785 ; but as Marshall's name is quoted by 

 L'Heritier as a synonym, it is clearly the older name and 

 Gordonia pubescens must become G. Altamaha. 



XXIV. Xanthoxylum CariBjEUm, Lamarck. — I had an op- 

 portunity a few months ago to examine in Paris the 

 Lamarckian herbarium now preserved in the Museum 

 d'Histoire Naturelle, and to see the specimen upon which 

 Lamarck founded his X. Caribcsum. There are leaves only; 

 but these have membranaceous, acuminate and sharply 

 serrate leaflets, with occasional spines on the petiole, and 

 are quite distinct from the leaves of our Florida tree, for 

 which, therefore, another name must be found. X. Flori- 

 danum of Nuttall, published in his "Sylva" in 1841 and 

 based on the Florida plant itself, would be the name if 

 there was not an older one. I came across in the Kew 

 herbarium this year a specimen, collected in 1886 in Porto 

 Rico, identical with our Florida plant, which Dr. Urban had 

 named X. cribrosutn, Sprengel, whose short description of 

 his species is fairly descriptive of the Florida plant* Speci- 

 mens of our Florida tree have been sent since to the Berlin 

 herbarium, and are pronounced to be identical with the 

 original specimens of X. cribrosum, which, as this name 

 was published in 1825, takes precedence of Nuttall's X. 

 Floridana published in 1841, and our species becomes 

 X. cribrosum, Sprengel. 



XXXVI. Ilex Dahoon. — There has long been confusion 

 in the names of the two Hollies of the southern states ver- 

 nacularly known as the "Dahoon" and the "Cassina." 

 The confusion started with Linnaeus in the first edition of 

 the "Species Plantarum." These two plants were there 

 joined under the name of Ilex Cassine, the second or real 

 Cassina being considered a variety of the first, the Dahoon. 

 That Linnaeus intended the Dahoon as the type of the 

 species is shown by his reference to it of Catesby's figure 

 in the "Natural History of Carolina" (I, t. 31), where the 



Dahoon is well represented and the vernacular name 

 " Dahoon " is quoted; while to his variety he refers Catesby's 

 figure of the true Cassina (II, t. 57). Walter ("Flora Caro- 

 liniana " 241, published in 1788) thought to set the matter 

 straight by reversing the names so as to bring them into 

 accord with the vernacular nomenclature, transferring the 

 specific name Cassine to the Linnaean variety properly made 

 a species, and making a new name. Ilex Dahoon, for the 

 Dahoon Holly. The Linnaean name, / Cassine, should be 

 restored to the plant upon which Linnaeus bestowed it, 

 making /. Dahoon I. Cassine, and the two published varie- 

 ties become Ilex Cassine var. angustifolia, and var. myrlifolia. 

 It remains to find the oldest name for the Cassina. It was 

 described by Marshall in the "Arbustum Americanum," 

 published in 1785, as Cassine Paraguay, but Cassine Paraguay 

 is the name (" Mantissa," II, 220) to which Linnaeus refers 

 the figure in Miller's "Icones" (t. 83, f. i), which has op- 

 posite leaves, and is not clearly referable to a North 

 American plant, so that Marshall's name cannot be used.* 

 The next name is Cassine Carolittiana of Lamarck, but 

 as Ilex Caroliniana is Miller's name ("Diet.," ed. 8) 

 for the Dahoon, it cannot, being a synonym of an- 

 other species, be taken up for the Cassina. The next name 

 and the one w^hich should be adopted is Ilex vomitoria of 

 Alton ("Hort. Kew," i., 170), a goodname as descriptive of 

 the peculiar properties of this species. Ilex Dahoon thus 

 becomes Ilex Cassine and Ilex Cassine becomes Ilex vomito- 

 ria. C. S. Sargent. 



New or Little Known Plants. 



Philadelphus Lemoinei x . 



MLEMOINE favors us with the following note of 

 , this hybrid Philadelphus, of which a figure ap- 

 pears upon page 617 of this issue. "The new Philadelphus 

 is the result of a cross made in 1884 between Philadelphus 

 microphyllus and one of the garden varieties of P. corona- 

 rius, the latter being the pollen-parent. The seedling flow- 

 ered in 1886, when it formed a compact, nearly spherical, 

 mass of foliage as wide as it was high. The leaves, which 

 are narrowly oval, are about one-quarter the size of those 

 of P. coronaj-ius and nearly five times as large as those of 

 P. microphyllus. The flowers, which are ranged along the 

 branches, are large, with spreading petals. These are oval, 

 somewhat cut at their edges and pure white. When the 

 plant is in flower it produces a wonderful effect by the 

 profusion and elegance of its fragrant flowers, which exhale 

 an odor as agreeable as that of Qrange-blossoms, re- 

 minding one of the odor of wild Strawberries. This new 

 shrub is absolutely hardy here, and resists, without any 

 protection whatever, the cold of our most severe winters. 



"The cross which has produced/*. Ze/wozVze/ has yielded 

 a number of other plants, differing in habit, in size and in the 

 arrangement of the flowers. We have succeeded also in 

 crossing P. Lemoinei ^N\\h some of the large-flowered gar- 

 den varieties." 



Philadelphus Lemoinei has not flowered yet in the United 

 States and our illustration is from a sketch made last sum- 

 mer in M. Lemoine's garden in Nancy. 



*I. "Zanihoxylum cribrosum, foliolis 3-juo;is, oblongis obtusis, coriaceis crenatis, 

 pellucido-punctatis, petiolis asperis." — "Systema," i., 946. 



Foreign Correspondence. 



London Letter. 



A WEEK'S steady freezing, the thermometer registering 

 ■^"^ nightly from eight to eighteen degrees of frost, has put 

 an end to almost all out-door planting, and killed down what 

 few flowers still remained out-of-doors. At Kew, where the 

 amount of transplanting and planting annually done is enor- 

 mous, it is usual to begin about the end of September and 

 continue all tlirough the winter until the beginning of May, or 

 even later. Frost does not often interfere with this work 

 before Christmas, and it is many years since the ground was 



* It is evident that tlie second figure on Millef's plate, the "Cassine foliis lanceo- 

 latis alternis sempervirentibus tioribus axillaribus," refers to the Cassina, which is 

 well described in the early editions of Miller's bictionary. Linnaeus, however, 

 quotes figure 2, and his description was intended, apparently, to cover tiiis, a very 

 doubtful plant, and the Cassina. 



