APPENDIX. 161 



in these discharges. The disease is most prevalent where large 

 numbers of horses and mules are found closely associated in con- 

 finement. Here the conditions are most favorable for the spread 

 of the disease, but as horses circulate quite freely from city to 

 country districts, public watering troughs and feed stables where 

 transient boarders are kept also have their share in spreading the 

 disease. Through this State cases are continually appearing in 

 such advanced condition that they cannot be mistaken for anything 

 else and they are killed. How many other affected animals escape 

 detection and are not even suspected of being glandered, nobody 

 can tell, but it must be a considerable number. In any suspected 

 case or in the case of any animal where it is desired to know posi- 

 tively whether the horse is suffering from glanders we now have a 

 sure test similar in nature to that by which we determine the pres- 

 ence of tuberculosis. A very small quantity of a chemical substance 

 called mallein injected into a glandered horse causes a rise of tem- 

 perature and a local swelling at the point of the injection, while if 

 the horse is sound the small dose of the mallein used apparently 

 has no effect. The distjovery of the value of mallein in diagnosing 

 glanders followed soon after the discovery of tuberculin, and while 

 of less importance, is nevertheless of great value. In stables where 

 one horse among many is found to have glanders we can with 

 mallein make sure that no obscure cases are allowed to remain. By 

 this test prized family horses suspected of having glanders can 

 often be shown to be free of it, and none of the wiles of the tricky 

 dealer will be able to disguise glanders so that this test well made 

 will not reveal it. 



SUMMARY. 



1. This bulletin is for the purpose of calling attention to a satis- 

 factory method of determining the presence of tuberculosis in cattle 

 and glanders in horses. 



2. Tuberculosis is a widely distributed disease common to man 

 and other animals and readily transmitted from one to the other. 



3. Tuberculosis is spread among cattle and from cattle to man 

 by the material coughed out from the lungs and by the milk and 

 flesh of affected cattle. 



4. Bovine tuberculosis should be suppressed as a measure of 

 economy and to prevent sacrifice of human lives. 



5. By a physical examination tuberculosis in cattle can only be 

 detected in advanced stages. 



