198 MAINE STATE COLLEGE 



Fifty-two lots of apples, embracing several hundred specimens 

 of many varieties, were regularly examined in 1888. These 

 studies referred largely to the maggots, pupse and the flies. In 

 1889 an investigation of the eggs and the egg laying habits was 

 carried on in the labaratory and field. 



We spent a week in Cumberland County in July 1889, studying 

 the flies and their egg laying habits. Observations were made 

 and recorded upon the following points : 



(a) Larvae : First appearance in fruit ; time required to 

 mature ; date of first maturity ; conditions affecting rate of 

 growth ; time they remain in fruit after it is mature ; time they 

 first leave the fruit ; nature of exit ; time the larvae remain in 

 late fruits ; first and latest pupa formed ; where the larvse 

 spend the winter ; number of larvae in a single fruit ; presence of 

 larvae in hanging fruit, marketed fruit, windfalls ; presence of 

 larvae in imported fruit ; varieties affected, number and kinds ; 

 distribution in the State. 



(b) Piipce : Depth they go into the ground to transform : 

 their occurrence in decayed fruit, on the surface of the ground, 

 about grass roots and in apple barrels and bins ; time required to 

 transform ; will they transform uncovered in dry jars under 

 ordinary conditions.? will they transform in bins and barrels 

 kept in damp cellars ? will earlier pupae transform earlier in the 

 spring? the time late pupae transform. 



(c) Flies : Number of broods ; time of appearance in confine- 

 ment and in nature ; time they are on the wing in nature ; rela- 

 tive number of males and females ; feeding habits ; time of life ; 

 copulation ; nature of the ovipositor ; method of laying eggs ; 

 puncture made by ovipositor ; nature of internal reproductive 

 system of female ; male genitalia ; what depth of earth will pre- 

 vent the flies from transforming. 



(d) Eggs : Number laid ; time of laying ; method of laying ; 

 position in the fruit ; distribution in the fruit ; development in 

 the ovaries of the female ; relation of Codling Moth to Trypeta 

 work. 



The lai'vae, pupae and flies were carefully compared with pub- 

 lished descriptions and corrections made. For microscopical 

 examination many slides were mounted, of the eggs, abdomens of 

 females and males, the ovipositor, male genitalia, wings of the 

 flies, feeding apparatus of the larvae, the larvae entire, and por- 



