AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 



205 



examined to see how deep the larvae had burrowed to transform, 

 and fourteen pupae were found from one-half to one inch below the 

 surface in loose sand. One or two were noticed to transform at 

 the surface under decayed fruit. A few were also found in the 

 shriveled fruit in the pupae state. The flies began to emerge first 

 from the jars which had been moistened. Below is a record of the 

 time of appearance of the flies. 



Date. 



No. 



Wet sand. 



Dry sand. 



Date. 



No. 



Wet sand. 



Dry sand. 



May 23.... 



2 



+ 





June 25 



3 





4- 



June 4.... 



1 



+ 





'' 27 



3 



4- 





7.... 



3 , + 





" 27 



1 





4- 



'• 1.5.... 



4 1 + 





July 4 



2 





4- 



" 19.... 



2 



+ 





4 



2 



-1- 





'' 20.... 



2 





-1- 



'' 



1 





4- 



" 22. 



5 



4- 





'• 7 



2 





•-4- 



The time of emergence covered about six weeks. The flies were 

 at once transferred to a large box with a glass top in which fresh 

 apple leaves were kept and apples with fresh cut surface. vSome 

 syrup made from white sugar was put in occasionally and they ate 

 of it greedily. The flies appeared very quiet and often remained 

 for a long time in the same place on a leaf, the side of the cage or 

 upon the cut surface of the fruit. None of them lived over three 

 weeks. None were noticed copulating. 



"Where do the Larv^ go to Transform? 



The depth to which they go in the ground to transform was deter- 

 mined by putting infested apples in boxes over loose sand, and 

 examining later for the pupae. Our observations confirm those of 

 Comstock and Cook, that, under the most favorable circumstances, 

 they do not burrow over an inch. The larvae, being footless and 

 weak, have but little power to penetrate hard soil, and hence find 

 the most favorable places for development in sandy locations. In 

 orchards kept in sod, they do not find favorable circumstances for bur- 

 rowing and undoubtedly enter the pupa state about the grass roots 

 and are subjected to more mishaps. Even when they have loose sand 

 to burrow in, they do not always enter the ground, as we have found 

 pupae on the surface of sand under decayed fruit. They are some- 

 times found in the fruit in the pupae form during the summer months, 

 and quite frequently in stored fruit. If infested fruit is left in a 

 box, barrel or bin, the most of the larvae will leave the frnit, and the 

 pupae will be found in the bottom of the receptacle. 



Mr. Sweetser sent us a lot of Spitzenbergs and Hubbardstons in 



