210 MAINE STATE COLLEGE 



correctly called the apple worm, but sometimes it is confounded 

 with the apple maggot. The term maggot is restricted by Ento- 

 mologists to footless larvae of two-winged flies. The larvse of 

 the codling moth have legs and spin cocoons and are correctly 

 called caterpillars. 



There should be no trouble in distinguishing the apple maggot 

 and its work, from the codling moth and its injuries. The 

 apple maggot or "railroad worm" tunnels the pulp of the fruit, 

 filling it with brownish channels, while the codling moth cater- 

 pillar usually enters the calyx, works about the core and finally 

 leaves the fruit through a direct channel from the core to the 

 cheek. 



Apple worms spin cocoons, which are placed under the loose 

 bark of trees or elsewhere above groxmd and from which moths 

 ("millers") come forth. Apple maggots go into the ground to 

 spend the winter and from their pupse two-winged flies, (described 

 below) and related to the house fly, mosquitoes, and crane flies, 

 come forth. The apple worm is larger and has sixteen legs, a 

 broad black head with a black patch behind it, and is usually pinkish 

 In color. The apple maggot is smaller, footless, tapering to a 

 small head, and greenish white or slighlly yellowish in color. 



The apple maggot deposits its eggs in the fruit while on the trees 

 and is found in the hanging, stored and marketed fruit, and in the 

 windfalls. In apple pomace and decayed fruits, other maggots are 

 frequently found in great numbers. These are generally the larvae 

 of pomace Jlies, which work in apple and other fruit refuse and do 

 no injury. We have never seen or heard of Trypeta Jlies laying 

 their eggs in apple refuse, and any worms found in such material 

 may be considered as the larvae of other insects. These pomace 

 flies are plentiful in Maine about decaying apples, apple pomace, 

 crushed fruit, vinegar barrels and apple driers, and are often a nui- 

 sance. We took three species of pomace flies about apple trees in 

 Cumberland county early in July, the two species considered by 

 Prof. Comstock (U. S. Agr'l Kept., 1881-2, p. 198) and another 

 undetermined species. The flies are smaller than Trypeta, light 

 brown or yellowish, and have clear wings and red eyes. The 

 pupae and maggots are smaller and more slender than those of 

 Trypeta. The maggots change to the pupa state within or about 

 the decaying fruit. We have taken more than a hundred pupse 

 from a single decayed apple, and from a single apple have bred 

 nearly a hundred of the vine-loving pomace flies. Their time of 



