218 MAINE STATE COLLEGE 



celate end, for one-fourth of the length, is pitted with irregular 

 hexfigoual cells, the borders of which are raised and lacerated, 

 giviug a roughened or spinose appearance to the surface ; sculpture 

 most prominent near the pedicel and gradually lost in ihe general 

 surface which is smooth ; the spinose portion is darker. The 

 larva is placed in the egg with the head away from the pedicel 

 and the end containing the head is inserted into the apple. Ova- 

 ries double and saccate, occupying most of the abdominal cavity ; 

 each side containing twenty-fonr chains of eggs, each chain 

 at least seven eggs in different stages of development. Perfect 

 eggs and stages of development are shown on Plate II, Figures 

 4-9. 



Larva — Length, 7 to 8 mm. (.28 to .32 in.) ; breadth, 1.75 to 

 2 mm. (.07 to .08 in.) When full grown usually yellowish 

 white. When younger and sometimes when full grown tinged 

 with greenish ; footless ; the body composed of fourteen segments. 

 Ninth, tenth and eleventh segments widest, narrowing rap- 

 idly toward the head, which is small, pointed and emargi- 

 nate. From the broadest segment the body slopes slowly 

 backward to the last segment, which maintains its size 

 one-third of its length, and then abruptly slopes to one- 

 half its thickness. The lower and posterior half is nearly vt^rti- 

 cal behind, giving the larva a docked appearance. (See Plate I, 

 Figure 3.) From the lower part of the firat segment are pro- 

 truded a pair of black, curved, parallel hooks, the rasping 

 organs, by means of which the maggot tunnels the fruit. These 

 hooks are attached to a black chitinous framework (see Plate III, 

 Figures la and lb), the crest of which shows plainly from above 

 through the first three anterior segments and gives the impression 

 of a black spot back of the head. To the unaided eye the hooks 

 and chitinous framework appear as two small black spots head- 

 ward. When the first three segments are retracted the head 

 appears somewhat blunt, and the hooks do not show. On the 

 dorsal surface on each side, at the union of the third and fourth 

 segments, are two yellowish brown tubercles, the anterior open- 

 ings of the breathing organs and called the cejyhalic spiracles. 

 (See Plate III, la and lb.) These tubercles can be seen by the 

 unaided eye, bnt their structure cannot be determined. When 

 magnified, they appear funnel-shaped with the border of the fun- 

 nel expanded into a double row of about twenty cylindrical pro- 

 jections. At the base of the funnel is a short bulbous enlarge- 



