AGRICULTUKAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 233 



The contributions to the habits of Trypeta made by Prof. Corn- 

 stock and not recorded by Walsh that our observations have con- 

 firmed, are that the larvae go about one-half inch into the ground 

 to transform and that in confinement the flies emerge earlier than 

 in nature. Prof. Comstock seems to have studied the histology 

 of Trypeta rather than its habits, and his contributions in that 

 direction are more important. 



Prof. Comstock suggests two remedies : the destruction of the 

 windfalls and grafting the trees into later varieties and leaving a 

 few early fruit trees for traps. We endorse the first, but the 

 second we do not, as it is based upon the erroneous belief that 

 Trypeta works almost exclusively upon early apples. 



Prof. Cook rejects Walsh's position that the eggs are inserted 

 in the flesh of the apple and erroneously says "the flies seek a 

 nidus for their eggs on the apple." Again, "Several eggs are 

 often laid on a single fruit." He incorrectly restricts the appear- 

 ance of the flies to July, the occurrence of the maggots to Septem- 

 ber and early October, and pupation to early October. Again, he 

 incorrectly says, Trypeta "is only found in the apples in early 

 fall, and as it prefers soft, mellow fruit it is much more destruc- 

 tive to fall apples. I have found a few in winter fruit. From the 

 fact that it only attacks fall fruit, it is, on the whole far less to 

 be dreaded than the coding moth larva." The maggots occur in 

 apples from early July until February, and attack early fruit, 

 and in Maine several winter varieties badly, and it tunnels the 

 whole fruit rendering it worthless. Its occurrence in time and its 

 range in varieties being about the same as that of the codling moth 

 and its work much more destructive, for these reasons alone we 

 would regard it a worse insect. But its range over the country 

 being much more limited and in a State its occurrence less univer- 

 sal, the damage done by it at present is less than the injury by 

 codling moth larvae. Prof. Cook has added the western localities, 

 Michigan and Wisconsin, to our knowledge of the geographical 

 distribution of Trypeta in cultivated fruit, and also recently has 

 detected the apple maggot in plums and cherries in Northern 

 Michigan . 



Prof. Lintner perpetuates the errors of those who have written 

 before him, by restricting the appearance of the flits to July, the 

 egg laying to late -July and August, the first appearance of larva 

 so late as September, the pupation so late as autumn. He also 

 advocates the view^ that the eggs are deposited upon the apples, 



