244 MAINE STATE COLLEOE 



jaws take the substance of the leaves into the stomach and can be 

 killed by poisoning the leaves. Those living upon the juices can 

 be reached only by the application of substances which act exter- 

 nally ; stopping the breathing pores, irritating the skin, producing 

 offensive odors or acting as mechanical barriers. The poisons in 

 common use that act internally, applied in the form of a powder 

 or in suspension, are paris green, London purple and white arsenic. 

 Those used externally in the form of a powder are hellebore, pyre- 

 thrum, sulphur, lime, plaster, ashes and dirt. Those applied in the 

 liquid form are kerosene emulsion, whale oil soap and sulphur, 

 strong soap suds, tobacco decoction, bisulphide of carbon, benzine, 

 gasoline and coal tar. 



Insecticide Apparatus. 



Material used for destroying insects is applied either as a dry 

 powder, or dissolved, or suspended in water, or some other liquid. 

 The kind of apparatus used would depend upon the method of 

 application. For Applying Powder^ powder blowers are useful. 

 These have long discharge tubes, by means of which the powder 

 is carried considerable distance. The following machines have 

 claimed more or less attention for their efficiency : The Woodason 

 Bellows, made by Thomas "Woodason, Philadelphia, Pa, These 

 throw the powder 8 or 10 feet and with a ladder small trees can 

 be wholly reached. The Orchard Gun, made by Leggett Bros., 

 New York, is provided with a tin tube in sections 5 to 16 feet. 

 There is a fan that works with a crank. Above the fan there is a 

 can to hold the powder, which has a perforated bottom. The crank 

 works a sliding plate, which lets the powder into the tube at each 

 revolution. This instrument is efficient for some kinds of work. 

 Weight, 7 lbs. 



For applying liquids a good force pump* and nozzle are essential. 

 Below we consider some good pumps and nozzles that have been 

 tried and found efficient. 



For small operations any good hand pump, aquaject, syringe, 

 or hydronette would answer the purpose. 



When the orchard exceeds five or ten acres a larger machine 

 would be more desirable. 



Any of those mentioned below, or a good pump of any manu- 

 facture, arranged for attachment to a barrel or tank, and provided 

 with a suitable hose and nozzle, would answer the purpose. 



Pumps with two discharge pipes allow two sprays to be thrown 



