252 MAINE STATE COLLEGE 



has lost its elasticity to any extent from age. The two nozzles (a) 

 and {d) are then connected by two heavy copper wires (c) fasten- 

 ed by winding once or twice around each nozzle. The Vermorel 

 nozzle is thus held firmly in place, and, as the wire will stand 

 any amount of bending, the direction of the stream is easily regu- 

 lated in this way. The length of the copper wire and rubber 

 tubing may be increased as desired ; for spraying the under side 

 of the leaves of low shrubs, for instance, the wire being bent so as 

 to send a vertical stream ; but six inches of tubing is about as 

 short a length as will furnish sufficient elasticity for producing a 

 steady stream. The pump may be also used for spraying trees by 

 using the necessary length of small hose furnished with a spray 

 nozzle at one end, and connected at the other with a piece of rub- 

 ber tubing long enough to allow fi-ee motion to the piston. The 

 hose can then be fastened to a light pole and the body of the 

 pump so fastened to its base as to allow free movement of the 

 piston. 



The apparatus can of course be used without the copper boiler, 

 by carrying the substance to be sprayed in a pail or other vessel ; 

 but when liquids are used, such as the Bordeaux mixture or Paris 

 green in water, which have to be kept stirred while being used, 

 the boiler gives far less trouble, since the motion of the body 

 keeps its contents stirred up while in use. The apparatus has thie 

 additional advantage that, by procuring an extra hydronette nozzle 

 or a coupling which will serve to attach the sprayer as described, 

 the spray nozzle and its adjuncts may be screwed off as a whole 

 when not in use, and the ordinary nozzle substituted ; so that the 

 pump may be also employed for any of the many purposes for 

 which it IS useful. The cost of this apparatus, not including 

 straps or strainer, is about as follows : 



Copper boiler (No. 7) f3.25 



Hydronette pump 4.00 



Wh-e and rubber tubing 20 



Fittings to boiler... 1.00 



Vermorel nozzle 1.25 



Total ^9.70 



In "The Journal of Mycology," Vol. 6, No. 1, March, 1890, 

 p. 26 ; we find the following from the pen of Prof. B. T. Gallo- 

 way : ''We have had the matter of providing a cheap, serviceable 

 knapsack pump under consideration for some time, and can now 

 positively announce that the machine will be on the market in a 



