GALL APHIDS 'OF THE ELM. 219 



for T. ulmi, which would exclude nlmisacculi, the stem mother 

 of which has a 4-jointed antenna. Buckton's description of 

 both insect and gall of ulmi accord fairly well with ulmisacculi, 

 however, and it is possible that T. ulmi Buckton is not T. ulmi 

 of the continent, but the same as ulmisacculi. 



TETRANEURA ULMI 



There are the following records of Tctraneura ulmi in Amer- 

 ica. As is elsewhere shown in this present paper, there is no 

 evidence that any one has taken authentic specimens of ulmi 

 of Europe in America except Mr. Monell, who introduced de- 

 mined material from Europe but did not succeed in rearing this 

 species except the first year.* 



1883. Tetrancura ulmi, Monell, Can. Ent. 14 : 16. Brief record of in- 

 troduction. 



1887. Tetranetira ulmi, Oestlund. Aph. Minn. p. 24. "Recorded 

 as American though not yet found in Minnesota." 



1890. Tctraneura ulmi, Packard. Forest Insects, p. 283. Listed for 

 elm. 



1893. Tetrancura ulmi, Osborn-Sirrine not Linn. Proc. la. Acad. Sci. 

 I : pt. 3, 100 (Insect Life 5: 237). Name used for the cocks- 

 comb Tctraneura (T. colaphoidea graminis) not ulmi of Eu- 

 rope. 



1901. Tctraneura ulmi. Hunter, Aphid, of N. A., p. 76. Bibliography. 



1904. Tetranetira ulmi, Sanborn not Linn. Kansas Aphid, pp. ?3-24, 

 Plate V, fig. 34. Description of the cockscomb Tctraneura, 

 (T. colophoidca graminis) not ulmi of Europe. 



Some of the more important European references to ulmi 

 are as follows : — 



Tctraneura ulmi, Uebers, 3: 58 pi. 4, f. 15-17. 

 Tctraneura ulmi, Burm. Handb. i : 91. 



1843. Tctraneura ulmi, Kalt. Mongr. 189. 



1844. Tctraneura ulmi, Ratzeburg. Forst-Insecten. Dritte Ordnung. pp. 



222 and Taf. XIII, F. 2. 

 1857. Tctraneura ulmi, Koch, Pflanzenlause 288. f. 358, 359. 



1878. Tetrancura ulmi, Kessler Die Lebcnsgcscliichtc der auf Ulmii^ 



campestris vorkommendcn Aphiden-Artcn. 



1879. Tctraneura ulmi, Courchet. Etude sur les Gallcs produits par les 



Gallcs produits par les ApJiidiens. 



1880. Tetrancura ulmi, Kessler. Neue BcobdacJitungcn an den auf Ul- 



mus campestris vorkommenden Aphidcn Artcn. 



*"The eggs of T. ulmi from Kessler were on a piece of bark which I 

 tied to a small cultivated European Camperdown weeping elm, at St. 

 Louis, Mo.," according to a recent letter from Mr. Monell. 



