226 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. I9IO. 



tive, penetrating more deeply into the interstices of the bark, and hud- 

 dhng together in groups of various sizes. They are now of a pale 

 buff, or, more correctly, sahnon color, the surface at first smooth and 

 polished, but becoming in some instances slightly pulverulent. Simulat- 

 ing closely the color of the bark, and being quite small, they are not 

 easily detected, unless in great numbers. A careful examination shows 

 that they have entirely lost the beak, and that they consist of both males 

 and females, the females being the larger, and the males showing the 

 genital characters given in the description. They live grouped together 

 for several days with little motion, the female (Fig. 128, e) increasing in 

 size by the enlargement of the single egg contained in her body. Both 

 soon perish, leaving among their shrivelled bodies the shining, reddish- 

 brown winter egg, either partially or entirely covered by the parent's 

 skin. 



"On the i6th of June, 1877, I met with an isolated tree at Malvern, 

 Iowa, belonging to Mr, H. K. Follett, which had been very badly infested 

 with this species. The winged individuals crowded the trunk, and had 

 perished in such quantities around the base of the tree as to lie in a 

 matted mass three or four inches thick, being greedily devoured by their 

 numerous enemies. One could not break off the smallest piece ol the 

 bark without finding the exposed interstices crowded with the salmon- 

 colored sexual individuals. 



"Among the more prominent of the natural enemies of this species, I 

 have noticed, of Coleoptera, Coccinella g-notata, Coccinella sanguinea 

 (munda) Say, Hippodamia convergens, and several species of Scymnus. 

 I also found feeding upon them the perfect beetle of Podahrus modes- 

 tus^ and the Hemipterous Cyllocoris scutellatus, Uhler, and Capsus 

 linearis, Beauv. A Lepidopterous inquiline, namely, the larva of 

 Semasia primivora, Walsh is also quite commion within the curled leaves, 

 feeding both on the lice and on the substance of the leaf. A large green 

 Syrphus larva and several Chrysopa larvae also prey upon them. 



Descriptive. 



"Schizoneiira americana (Fig. 128). — Impregnated egg 0.5 mm. long, 

 gamboge-yellow, inclining to brown in color, with no especial external 

 sculpture. 



"First generation. — Stem mother : Pale yellowish-red, with black mem- 

 bers when first hatched ; the red deepening and becoming purplish or 

 livid with age. When mature, averaging 3.5. mm in length, globose or 

 pyriform, with subobsolete honey-tubes and six dorsal rows of darker 

 piliferous and tuberculous spots. Antennae S-jointed, joint 3 more than 

 equalling 4 and 5 together in length. 



"Second generation. — Differing in no essential respect from the pre- 

 ceding, except that the individuals do not attain so great a size. Bright 

 brownish-red when born, they soon become livid brown. 



"Third generation. — Mature, winged female: Alar expanse 5 to 5.6 

 mm. Body dusky ,the abdomen slightly reddish ; legs either dusky or 

 yellowish-red. Antennae as long as head and thorax together, f^usky, 

 rarely yellowish, not pilose, but with a few short setous points; 6-jointed 



