MAINE APPLE DISEASES. 357 



According to Brooks, the Cylindrosporium disease appears 

 first about the middle of August, (The true Baldwin spot does 

 not appear till nearly harvest time or in storage). When it first 

 appears one notices spots of deeper red on the darker colored 

 portions and darker green on the lighter portions of the sur- 

 faces of affected apples. At this stage they are but slightly 

 sunken, if at all, and there is no suggestion of a bruise. From 

 Brooks' studies it appears that the fungous spots on red surfaces 

 become more sunken later in the season, the color gradually 

 changes from brown to black, and in cellar storage the red spots 

 become badly browned and sunken. The green spots may take 

 a similar course but in many cases there is no marked change in 

 their surface appearance. However, according to the expe- 

 rience of the writers, the spots caused by the fungus are not as 

 a rule so large and do not produce such deep pits in the surface 

 as are characteristic of later stages of the non-parasitic trouble. 

 Also on the lighter skinned apples there is not so much danger 

 of confusing the two troubles when one once has the characters 

 of each clearly in mind. 



On yellow-skinned apples like the Bellflower the spots are very 

 conspicuous at harvest time. They are of a bright carmine, the 

 older and larger having a darker, brownish center, with seldom 

 any pitting even after some time in storage. The disease is of 

 almost universal occurrence in Maine on this variety — so much 

 so that some apple growers have come to regard the Cylindro- 

 sporiiim spots as a natural marking of the variety and frequent- 

 ly exhibit such apples for prizes at fairs and pomological 

 meetings.* 



The superficial appearance of apples of the Bellflower variety 

 which are affected with the Cylindrosporiiim disease is quite dis- 

 tinct from that produced by the true Baklwin spot on other va- 

 rieties as will be seen on comparison of Figs. 242 and 243. 



Brooks has made a careful study of the control of the Cylin- 

 dyosporium fruit spot in New Hampshire. He found that in- 

 fection of the apples takes place in July and that the spots make 

 their appearance in August. He found that either bordeaux 



* Following the metliorls by wliich tlie fungus was originally isol.Ttcd, 

 i. e.. by transferring pieces of the browner! tissue to tube-; of sterile, 

 distilled water, it bas been obtained from these spots a sufficient number 

 of times to show its constant association with them. 



