MAINE APPLE DISEASES. 379 



too strong be practically free from the production of spray 

 injury. 



Therefore, it is recommended that all orchardists who have 

 experienced trouble with bordeaux injury in the past, and others 

 who wish to spray varieties which are known to be susceptible 

 to spray injury, give the lime-sulphur treatment a thorough trial. 

 It will be noted,, however, that lime-sulphur as suggested for 

 summer spraying for fungous diseases is used in a much more 

 diluted form than for winter spraying for insect pests. The 

 more concentrated sprays are far too strong to be used on the 

 tender foliage and fruit. 



The above recommendation should in ^no ivay be construed 

 as advising against the use of bordeaux mixture zvhere it has 

 always been used zvithout injury in the past or zvith those varie- 

 ties of apples zvhich the experience of others indicates that there 

 is little or no danger of bordeaux producing any injurious effects 

 on the fruit or foliage. Apple scab is the greatest factor to be 

 considered in Maine orchard spraying, and in the experience of 

 the writers bordeaux is, as a rule, more effective than lime- 

 sulphur in controlling this disease under the weather conditions 

 which prevail in this State. There is no reason for discarding 

 bordeaux for lime-sulphur except to attempt to avoid spray in- 

 jury on those varieties of apples upon which it is likely to occur. 

 Even with these it is recommended that bordeaux mixture still 

 be used for the first spraying before the buds open, followed by 

 lime-sulphur for the later sprayings upon the foliage and fruit. 

 If, however, the orchard has received a spring application of the 

 more concentrated lime-sulphur wash for insects before the buds 

 begin to swell, the early application of the bordeaux is probably 

 unnecessary. 



THE PKIiPARATlON 01* SPRAYS. 



There is no part of the management of an orchard which 

 requires raore intelligent and careful work than the preparation 

 and use of sprays. If the owner cannot attend to this part of 

 the work himself he should put it in charge of some thoroughly 

 competent person. Many failures from spraying have resulted 

 from the fact that the sprays were not properly made and ap- 

 plied. The formulae given should be followed with care, the 

 operator first satisfying himself that he understands cacii step 



