MAINE APPLE DISEASES. 381 



is best done in making the dilution by using a separate barrel 

 for this purpose and using the dilution water to wash the ma- 

 terial through the strainer. If the lime is of good quality and 

 well slaked most of it will pass through the strainer, but with 

 the best there will be a slight residue which may be thrown 

 away. If arsenate of lead is to be added to the bordeaux as 

 an insect poison the required quantity may be wet up and 

 washed through the strainer with the lime. 



When ready to use the mixture, the dilute lime and copper 

 sulphate solutions are quickly mixed together and thoroughly 

 stirred. This may be done by rapidly dipping up a pailful of 

 one and then a pailful of the other solution and pouring into 

 the mixing or spray tank while a second person agitates the 

 mixture. Never pour concentrated milk of lime and copper 

 sulphate solutions together. The above procedure is recom- 

 mended only where a single barrel or at the most only a few 

 barrels of spray mixture are needed at a time. Where any 

 quantity of bordeaux is required stock solutions and, if possible, 

 the elevated mixing platform should be resorted to. 



Stock solutions. When lime and copper sulphate are com- 

 bined in the form of bordeaux the mixture should be used with 

 as little delay as possible on account of deterioration. On the 

 other hand, as long as the solutions are kept separate and cov- 

 ered to keep out rain and to prevent evaporation they may be 

 stored for an indefinite period. Hence concentrated stock solu- 

 tions of lime and copper sulphate may be prepared, at any con- 

 venient time, sufficient for one application to the entire orchard 

 or for the entire .season if the orchard is not too large. Stock 

 solutions are made up so that each gallon when thoroughly 

 stirred carries a known amount of lime or copper sulphate as 

 the case may be — as a rule either one pound or two pounds to 

 the gallon. 



If it is intended to make stock solutions carrying one pound 

 to the gallon place 50 pounds of fresh stone lime in a 50-gallon 

 cask, slake, dilute to thin whitewash, strain while hot and make 

 up to 50 gallons. If arsenate of lead is to be used with the 

 spray the proper amount may be wet up and washed through 

 the strainer with the dilution water. Always stir thoroughly, 

 taking particular care to get to the bottom of the cask, before 

 dipping out any of this stock solution, otherwise the first will 



