ORCHARD SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS II. 21 



gins ; in addition, the epidermis is scurfy, which, according to 

 our correspondent, is a sure sign of spray injury. Further- 

 more, our observations in 19 lo as well as in the past season 

 showed that the tissues beneath the epidermis became discolored 

 and depressed as well from spray injury alone as from the sun- 

 scald of the past summer. 



In comparing the amount of scald on trees sprayed with 

 Hme-sulphur and bordeaux mixture, it is seen that the percent 

 of injury in the latter plots is very small indeed. This is in 

 accord with the consensus of observation of other men. In 

 short, while lime-sulphur inflicted a very moderate percent of 

 damage in connection with the sunscald, bordeaux seemed to 

 effect far less ; and the same holds true for lead arsenate when 

 used alone. The degree of injury, however, was as severe on 

 the two last named as on the lime-sulphur plots. 



The most feasible explanation of the past season's fruit 

 injury (except, of course, the well known bordeaux injury) is, 

 in the writer's opinion, that which regards the spray as an 

 injury producer only on those tissues already affected by sun- 

 scald. This may be accounted for, according to the results at 

 Highmoor Farm and at Greene, by the fact that on trees sub- 

 jected to the first application only, (Fig. 5) and on unsprayed 

 trees observed elsewhere, (Fig. 6) the injury, while sufficient 

 to throw the fruit out of market class, was nevertheless much 

 less accentuated than the scalded spots on fruit sprayed during 

 the extreme heat. 



The chief point to be emphasized is, that the excessive injury 

 upon the sprayed fruit zvas distinctly confined to the previously 

 or contemporaneously sunscalded areas. Figs. lo and ii show 

 two extremes of injury on sunscalded apples from the lime- 

 sulphur plots, selected from a series of photographs showing 

 gradations in order of severity. Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate similar 

 injury on fruit sprayed with lead arsenate alone. 



COOPERATIVE EXPERIMENTS AT GREENE. 



The Phiibrook Orchard. 



This is a Baldwin orchard pastured to sheep. The trees are 



fairly high headed, and give evidence of being in tolerably good 



condition. Judicious pruning might well be carried out here, 



for some of the trees had too much growth in the center of their 



tODS. 



