ORCHARD NOTES. 53 



It is hoped that a repetition of the method, coupled with the 

 scheme of pollen preservation suggested by Simon * will result 

 in a larger percent of successful crosses than has heretofore 

 been made. 



Teratology. 



The season of 191 1 was most favorable to the production of 

 apples of great size ; hence it may be properly assumed that the 

 climatic factors affecting rapidity of growth may have had some 

 relation to the comparatively large number of abnormal fruits 

 reported in various apple growing sections of the country. 



Figs. 20 and 21 show a double Baldwin apple found at High- 

 moor during the past season. The two distinct calices (Fig. 20) 

 would indicate a duplication of floral parts in the blossom. 

 Fig. 21 illustrates the attachment to a common stem, and the 

 normally developed seeds within the carpels of the two inde- 

 pendent cores. The only tissues common to both individuals 

 of this fruit pair are those of the stem, flesh and skin. 



Less common than double fruits is the abnormal development 

 shown in Figs. 22 and 23. Apples exhibiting this unusual 

 growth were found in surprisingly large numbers in orchards 

 in Greene during the summer of 191 1. They were about equally 

 frequent on Baldwin and Greening; the illustrations are from 

 one of the latter variety. 



Examinations of this outgrowth showed a striking resem- 

 blance to a calyx lobe. It was pubescent, of grayish brown 

 color, triangular in form, the base developing from the skin, and 

 the apex recurved. In most cases it was nearer the basin than 

 the cavity, and the base of this so-called lobe was connected 

 with the calyx cluster by a slight lineal depression or a light 

 line of color in the skin. In the majority of such apples ex- 

 amined there appeared to be but four normally developed 

 calyx lobes in the basin of the fruit (Fig. 23), — a fact which 

 inclines one to the belief that such growth is an abnormally 

 located calyx lobe. The actual cause of this phenomenon rests 

 on a morphological examination and the determination of the 

 point of growth in the apple. 



*Simon, J., Gartenwelt, 15 (igiil, No. 7, "A New Method of Pre- 

 serving Flower Pollen in a Viable Condition," Abst.. E. S. R. 24: 6. p. 



543- 



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